Securities. The defense that part of the plaintiff’s damages were caused by factors other than the depreciation in value of the securities resulting from registration-statement defects. • If negative causation is proved, the plaintiff’s damages should be reduced. 15 USCA § 77k(e). [Cases: Securities Regulation 25.21(5). C.J.S. Securities Regulation § 89.]
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Securities. The fact that an investor would not have engaged in a given transaction if the other party had made truthful statements at the required time. [Cases: Securities Regulation 60.47. C.J.S. Securities Regulation §§ 208–210, 215.]
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chain-of-causation rule. Workers’ compensation. The principle that an employee’s suicide is compensable under workers’-compensation statutes if the employee suffered an earlier work-related injury that led to a mental dis-order resulting in the suicide. [Cases: Workers’ Compensation 546, 603, 799. C.J.S. Workmen’s Compensation §§ 313, 361, 482–483.]
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chain of causation 连锁因果关系 一系列有顺序因果关系的事件，其中某一在后的事件是由直接在其前的事件引起。例如，事故发生——受伤——精神沮丧——治疗不当——自杀。这一问题的提出，经常是为了决定当行为人的初始行为导致一系列后果时，其所应承担责任应至何阶段，以及是否因独立事件介入，从而使其后的事件实际上由这一独立事件而非在其前的其他事件所引起的。
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chain of causation. 1. A series of events each caused by the previous one. 2. The causal connection between a cause and its effects. Cf. CAUSATION. [Cases: Negligence 432. C.J.S. Negligence §§ 203–208.]
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causation (kaw-zay-sh[schwa]n). 1. The causing or producing of an effect (the plaintiff must prove causa-tion). 2. CAUSALITY. “Here is the key to the juridical treatment of the problems of causation. We pick out the cause which in our judgment ought to be treated as the dominant one with reference, not merely to the event itself,
foreseeability, n. The quality of being reasonably anticipatable. • Foreseeability, along with actual causation, is an element of proximate cause in tort law. — foreseeable, adj.
elements of crime. The constituent parts of a crime — usu. consisting of the actus reus, mens rea, and causation — that the prosecution must prove to sustain a conviction. • The term is more broadly defined by the Model Penal Code in § 1.13(9) to refer to each component of the actus reus, causation,