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Search Results for: FIRMA
affirmative easement
An easement that forces the servient-estate owner to permit certain actions by the easement holder, such as discharging water onto the servient estate. — Also termed positive easement. Cf. negative easement.
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confirmatio chartarum
Confirmatio Chartarum (kon-f[schwa]r-may-shee-oh kahr-tair-[schwa]m). [Latin “confirmation of the charters”] Hist. A declaration first made by Henry III in 1225 confirming the guarantees of Magna Carta and the Charter of the Forest. • It was not enrolled until 1297, when, during the reign of Edward I, it was enacted, thus introducing these charters into the common
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affirmative covenant
A covenant that obligates a party to do some act; esp., an agreement that real property will be used in a certain way. • An affirmative covenant is more than a restriction on the use of property. For the real-property sense, see affirmative covenant under COVENANT(4). [Cases: Covenants 49, 69.]
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affirmative relief
The relief sought by a defendant by raising a counterclaim or cross-claim that could have been maintained independently of the plaintiff’s action.
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affirmative pregnant
affirmative pregnant. A positive statement that ambiguously implies a negative; a statement that does not explicitly deny a charge, but instead answers an unasked question and thereby implies culpability, as when a person says “I returned your car yesterday” to the charge “You stole my car!” Cf. NEGATIVE PREGNANT.
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affirmative action
affirmative action. A set of actions designed to eliminate existing and continuing discrimination, to remedy lingering effects of past discrimination, and to create systems and procedures to prevent future discrimination. See reverse discrimination under DISCRIMINATION. [Cases: Civil Rights 1033(3), 1236. C.J.S. Civil Rights §§ 18, 20, 23–24, 64–65.]
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affirmative plea
affirmative plea 肯定性答辩 １在衡平法诉讼中，被告提出了起诉状〔bill〕中未包含的新的事实的答辩，如果该新的事实成立，将导致原告的起诉被驳回。最初，这是衡平法上仅有的一种答辩。现美国《联邦民事诉讼规则》〔Federal Rules of Civil Procedure〕已废除了这种答辩；２在普通法上，指提出在概括否认答辩〔general issue〕中无法证明之事项的特别答辩。
alienatio feudifirmae feudifirmarum
alienatio feudifirmae feudifirmarum (ay-lee-[schwa]-nay-shee-oh fyoo-di-f[ schwa]r-mee fyoo-di-f[schwa]r-mair-[schwa]m). [Law Latin “disposition of a feuholding of feuholders”] Hist. A conveyance to avoid the prohibition on alienation of Crown lands. • It was nullified by statute in 1597.
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