A detrimental conclusion drawn by the fact-finder from a party’s failure to produce evidence that is within the party’s control. • Some courts allow the inference only if the party’s failure is attributable to bad faith. — Also termed adverse presumption. Cf. SPOLIATION(1).
reasonable inference rule 合理推断规则 一项证据规则，指审判人员不但应当考虑庭审时出示的各项实物证据及证词，而且应当把合理作出的各种推断作为证据综合考虑。
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inference-on-inference rule. The principle that a presumption based on another presumption cannot serve as a basis for determining an ultimate fact. [Cases: Criminal Law 306; Evidence 54. C.J.S. Evidence §§ 130, 132–133, 1341.]
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legitimate inferences 合法推论；合法推断 指从某种证据必然得出的推论；从证据合理、合法地推出的结论。
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pyramiding inferences, rule against. Evidence. A rule prohibiting a fact-finder from piling one inference on another to arrive at a conclusion. • Today this rule is followed in only a few jurisdictions. Cf. REASONABLE-INFERENCE RULE. [Cases: Criminal Law 306; Evidence 54. C.J.S. Evidence §§ 130, 132–133, 1341.]
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rule of inference on inference 推论之推论规则 指一个假定或推论不能以另一个假定或推论为基础。因此，以另一推论为基础而得出之推论不能用来认定某一基本事实〔ultimate fact〕。
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reasonable-inference rule. An evidentiary principle providing that a jury, in deciding a case, may properly consider any reasonable inference drawn from the evidence presented at trial. Cf. PYRAMIDING INFERENCES, RULE AGAINST. [Cases: Criminal Law 559; Evidence 595. C.J.S. Criminal Law § 1096; Evidence §§ 1300, 1341.]
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inference (in-f[schwa]r-[schwa]nts), n. 1. A conclusion reached by considering other facts and deducing a logical consequence from them. [Cases: Evidence 54, 595. C.J.S. Evidence §§ 130, 132–133, 1300, 1341.] adverse inference. A detrimental conclusion drawn by the fact-finder from a party’s failure to produce evidence that is within the party’s control. • Some courts allow
necessary inference. A conclusion that is unavoidable if the premise on which it is based is taken to be true.
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inference-stacking. The practice or an instance of piling one or more inferences on each other to arrive at a legal conclusion. See INFERENCE-ON-INFERENCE RULE E.
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