Search Results for: KINSHIP

kinship

kinship n. 家族关系;血亲关系;亲属关系 指通过婚姻和出生而形成的一种社会关系。在原始部落和古代社会中,家族是社会经济生活的基本单位。现代工业社会中,家族关系也是重要的社会政治关系。西欧国家虽然认为家庭和婚姻形式受到基督教〔Christianity〕的强烈影响,但家族关系从法律角度看仍然是家族、婚姻、子女、财产、继承等多方面法律规定的基础。人类学的研究表明,世界各地存在着各种不同的家族关系,西方社会确认的一夫一妻制〔monogamy〕、嫡子继承标准〔criteria of legitimacy〕和家长权的继承〔patriarchal succession〕等都并非是普遍性和必然性的权利,而只为世界特定的地区所接受。在法律上,家族关系是根据同源祖先的子孙来确定的。亲等〔degree of kinship〕在许多情况下具有重要意义。在罗马法中,亲等计算是从己身向上数到同源祖先再由同源祖先向下数到与己身计算亲等者,合计出世代数定为亲等。教会法〔canon law〕则根据己身到同源祖先或同源祖先至被计算者的世代数来定亲等。故根据罗马法,堂表兄弟姐妹之间是四等亲而在教会法中则是二等亲。该词亦写作「kindred」。

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recusatio judicis

recusatio judicis (reh-kyoo-zay-shee-oh joo-dish-is), n. [Latin] Eccles. law. The procedure and grounds by which a judge may be challenged and removed from hearing a case. • The grounds for disqualification traditionally include great friendship or enmity with a party, close kinship to a party, acceptance of a bribe, previously giving counsel to a party, or

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collateral heir

One who is neither a direct descendant nor an ancestor of the decedent, but whose kinship is through a collateral line, such as a brother, sister, uncle, aunt, nephew, niece, or cousin. Cf. lineal heir. [Cases: Descent and Distribution 32, 37. C.J.S. Descent and Distribution §§ 40–41, 44–49.]

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legitimacy

legitimacy. 1. Lawfulness. 2. The status of a person who is born within a lawful marriage or who acquires that status by later action of the parents; legal kinship between a child and its parent or parents. Cf. ILLEGITIMACY. [Cases: Children Out-of-Wedlock 1. C.J.S. Children Out-of-Wedlock §§ 2–11.] “In this age of equality, the question

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cognate

cognate, adj. See COGNATIC. cognate, n. One who is kin to another. • In Roman law, the term means a blood relationship and implies that the kinship derives from a lawful marriage. In Scots and later civil law, the term implies kinship from the mother’s side. Cf. AGNATE.

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relations

relations n. (1)关系 指一人与他人在特定范围内的交往。法律就是调整这些关系的,如夫妻关系、买卖双方的关系、僱主与僱员的关系等。 (2)亲属关系(→degrees of kinship; industrial relations; relative)

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agnatio

agnatio (ag-nay-shee-oh). [Latin] Roman law. Kinship through the male line, not necessarily involving blood ties; specif., an affiliation of free persons of either sex in the power (patria potestas) of the senior living male or of a male who would be in his power if he were living. • An agnatic relationship could be created

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