LL.M.
LL.M. 法学硕士(=Master of Laws;Legum Magister)
therefore, adv. 1. For that reason; on that ground or those grounds (a quorum was not present; therefore, no vote was taken). 2. To that end (she wanted to become a tax lawyer, and she therefore applied for the university’s renowned LL.M. program in taxation). — Also termed thereupon.
Master of Laws. A law degree conferred on those completing graduate-level legal study, beyond the J.D. or LL.B. — Abbr. LL.M. Cf. JURIS DOCTOR; LL.B; DOCTOR OF LAWS.
J.S.D. 法学博士 来自拉丁文「Juris Scientiae Doctor」,即「Doctor of the Science of law」,是法学高级学位的缩写。亦称作「Doctor of Juridical Science」或「Doctor of Jurisprudence」。J.S.D.是哲学博士〔Ph.D.〕层次的学位,仅有非常少的法律人〔lawyer〕获得这一学位。主要为那些志在从事法律学术与教学的人所攻读,甚至即便在法学院教员中间,拥有该学位也较为罕见。获得法学博士需要除LL.M.学位或与其相等同的学位之外进行至少一年的研读,以及完成一篇博士论文和通过博士论文主题的口头答辩〔oral examination〕。在一些法学院,该学位亦称作「S.J.D.」。
LL. 法律 1用于学位学衔中,如LL.B.,LL.M.。它源于拉丁语「legum」(法律的)单词复数所有格的缩略形式,以双写其首字母LL.表示,亦即of laws;2用于引用古法典法规集时,如「LL.Hen.I」指亨利一世法典集。
Doctor of Juridical Science. A graduate law degree, beyond the J.D. and the LL.M. — Abbr. S.J.D.; J.S.D. — Also termed Doctor of Judicial Science; Doctor of the Science of Jurisprudence; Doctor of the Science of Law.
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