surrebutter
surrebutter (s[schwa]r-ri-b[schwa]t-[schwa]r).Common-law pleading. The plaintiff’s answer of fact to the defendant’s rebutter. [Cases: Pleading 185.]
Search Results for: SURREBUTTER
surrebutter
surrebutter n. 原告的第三次答辩 英格兰1873-1875年以前的普通法诉讼中原告对被告的第三次答辩〔rebutter〕中所述事实所作的答覆。也是诉答程序〔pleading〕中最后一个有独立名称的诉答。
surrejoinder
surrejoinder (s[schwa]r-ri-joyn-d[schwa]r).Common-law pleading. The plaintiff’s answer to the defendant’s rejoinder. See REPLICATION. [Cases: Pleading 184.] “Where the common-law system of pleading is in force, the pleadings do not terminate with the plaintiff’s replication. The defendant may interpose a rejoinder to the replication, and the plaintiff a surrejoinder to the defendant’s rejoinder. Then follows the rebutter,
rebutter
rebutter. 1. Common-law pleading. The defendant’s answer to a plaintiff’s surrejoinder; the pleading that followed the rejoinder and surrejoinder, and that might in turn be answered by the surrebutter. [Cases: Pleading 185.] 2. One who rebuts.
pleading
pleading n. (1)诉讼文件；诉状 诉讼当事人交替向法庭及对方提交的书面文件，以提出诉讼请求、陈述诉讼理由或进行答辩。旧时普通法诉讼中的诉状包括原告的起诉状〔declaration〕、被告的答辩状〔plea〕、原告的答辩状〔replication〕、被告的次轮答辩状〔rejoinder〕、原告的次轮答辩状〔surrejoinder〕、被告的三轮答辩状〔rebutter〕、原告的三轮答辩状〔surrebutter〕。衡平法诉讼中的诉状包括原告的起诉状〔bill of complaint〕、被告的各种答辩状〔demurrer, plea, answer or disclaimer〕或其混合形式、原告的答辩状〔replication〕等。目前在英国高等法院的诉讼程序中，起诉状、被告答辩状及原告答辩状分别称为statement of claim, statement of defence和reply，其后的诉状仍旧沿用普通法诉讼中的名称。在美国，普通法上严格的诉状体系已大大得到简化，其作用也已大大降低，对事实及争议点的限定通过披露程序〔discovery〕及审前会议〔pretrial conference〕完成。根据《联邦民事诉讼程序规则》〔Federal Rules of Civil Procedure〕，诉状包括起诉状〔complaint〕、答辩状〔answer〕、反诉答辩状〔reply to a counterclaim〕、交叉诉讼答辩状〔answer to a cross-claim〕、第三方起诉状〔third party complaint〕及第三方答辩状〔third party answer〕。在诉讼过程中提交或使用的申请书〔motions〕、律师辩论意见书〔briefs〕、宣誓书〔affidavits〕等属于广泛意义上的法庭文件〔court papers〕，而不属于诉状。 (2)诉答；诉答程序确定和缩小诉讼争点〔issues〕范围的程序，当事人在此阶段通过提交正式书状来阐明其各自的主张。 (3)诉答规则 规范和调整原告起诉和被告答辩的法律规则。 (4)撰写诉状的技巧；辩护术
special pleading
special pleading. 1. The common-law system of pleading that required the parties to exchange a series of court papers (such as replications, rebutters, and surrebutters) setting out their contentions in accordance with hypertechnical rules before a case could be tried. • Often, therefore, cases were decided on points of pleading and not on the merits.