submission of controversy. A statutory action in which the parties submit their dispute to a court that has jurisdiction, agree on and sign a statement of facts, swear that the controversy is real, and swear that the suit is brought in good faith.
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entire controversy doctrine 全部争议原则 指一方当事人在第一阶段的诉讼程序中已决定不予提及的争议内容不得在其后阶段的程序中提出来。诉讼的单位是全部争议，是一切诉因的集合。一切诉因必须合并提出，否则以放弃论。
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justiciable controversy 可由法院裁决的争议 指存在于双方当事人之间的，一方基于现实存在的事实向对方提出确定的权利主张，对方予以争辩而引起的可提请法院裁决的争议。它必须是真实的、实质性的争议，区别于假设的或纯理论性的争议，对后者法院不予裁决。
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amount in controversy. The damages claimed or relief demanded by the injured party in a lawsuit. • For a federal court to have diversity jurisdiction, the amount in controversy must exceed $75,000. 28 USCA § 1332(a). — Also termed jurisdictional amount; matter in controversy. See DIVERSITY OF CITIZENSHIP ; AGGREGATION DOCTRINE. [Cases: Courts 119, 167;
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trover (troh-v[schwa]r). A common-law action for the recovery of damages for the conversion of personal property, the damages generally being measured by the value of the property. — Also termed trover and conversion. Cf. DETINUE; REPLEVIN. [Cases: Trover and Conversion 1, 43. C.J.S. Trover and Conversion §§ 1–3, 5–7, 120–121.] “Trover may be maintained for
controvert (kon-tr[schwa]-v[schwa]rt or kon-tr[schwa]-v[schwa]rt), vb. To dispute or contest; esp., to deny (as an allegation in a pleading) or oppose in argument (the allegations in Peck’s pleadings were never adequately controverted).
matter in controversy (1)争议事项；诉讼标的 (2) (=amount in controversy)
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public controversy 〈美〉公共争论；公共争议 指涉及公开讨论事宜、并对未参与讨论者产生实质性影响的争论。在因公共争论引发的诽谤案中，该争论的参加者可被作为公众人物〔public figure〕，其必须证明被告有实际的恶意〔actual malice〕。个人卷入某一公共争论的性质和程度取决于三个因素：１参与此争论的自愿程度；２为抵制虚假陈述，对有效的交流渠道的利用程度；３在此争论中发挥作用的显着性。 (→public figure; New York Times v. Sullivan)
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actual controversy 〈美〉实际的争议；真正的争议 指具有实际的相反的法律利益冲突的当事人之间的、以起诉时存在的事实为基础的现实的争议。只有存在真正的争议而非假设的、抽像的、纯理论性的争议的案件才可由法院受理和作出裁决。 (→controversy; case or controversy)
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