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wealth maximization

wealth maximization. A situation resulting from a change in the allocation of resources if the change benefits the winner — i.e., the one who benefits from the change — more than it harms the loser. • A situation in which all possible wealth-maximizing changes have occurred is described as Kaldor-Hicks efficient or as being potentially […]

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Commonwealth court

Commonwealth court 〈美〉(宾夕法尼亚州的)州法院 该法院享有对州或其官员提起的以及由州或其官员提起的一切民事案件的初审管辖权,但有关人身保护令或非附属于上诉管辖权的定罪后救济及征用案件除外。此外它还享有根据某些行政法律〔regulatory act〕所产生的管辖权。其初审管辖权是专属的,但对由州或其官员提起的民事诉讼或程序除外,对这种诉讼,州法院与民事法院〔court of common pleas〕有共同管辖权。

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commonwealth

commonwealth n. (1)公益;公共福利 (2)共和国;民主国一种注重共同福利或利益,公众人人有发言权、公共事务管理权的政体形式。 (3)共和国全体国民;共和国全体公民 (4)〔C-〕(1649年到1660年克伦威尔父子统治下的)英伦三岛共和国 (5)〔C-〕英联邦国家 (6)〔C-〕澳大利亚联邦 (7)〔C-〕肯塔基、马萨诸塞、宾夕法尼亚和弗吉尼亚四州的称呼 (8)政治实体 指既拥有对其切身事务的自治权,但又构成更大政府(或国家)的不可缺少的组成部分的法治团体(或国家)。在后一种意义上,它是美国几个州的正式名称(宾夕法尼亚、马萨诸塞、弗吉尼亚和肯塔基);在前一种意义上,其指在克伦威尔摄政时期的英国政府。

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commonwealth

commonwealth. 1. A nation, state, or other political unit (the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania). [Cases: States 1. C.J.S. States §§ 2, 16.] 2. A political unit that has local autonomy but is voluntarily united with the United States (Puerto Rico and the Northern Mariana Islands are commonwealths). Cf. DEPENDENCY(1); INSULAR AREA; TERRITORY(2). 3. A loose association

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