Hist. An elaborate proceeding, full of legal fictions, by which a tenant in tail disentailed a fee-tail estate. • The action facilitated land transfer by allowing a potential transferee who was barred by law from receiving land to “recover” the land by suing the actual owner. Common recoveries, which were abolished early in the 19th […]
common recovery 废除限嗣设定合意诉讼；阻却限嗣继承的拟制诉讼 拥有限嗣继承地产〔estate in tail〕者为了阻却地产限嗣继承的性质以达到转让地产或在其继承人之间均分地产的目的而采用的一种拟制诉讼程序，基于此它也被视作一种通过法庭记录来转让土地〔conveying land by matter of record〕的方式。其过程简略如下：持限嗣继承地产者甲欲将土地转让给乙，甲可以先让乙到法庭提起针对甲的不动产回复诉讼，甲在答辩中称他的土地是从丙处得来的，要丙出庭提供担保〔warranty〕。丙作为一般担保人〔common vouchee〕，实质上是一个虚拟的人，通常由法庭传唤员〔crier of the court〕担任。他承认是他将土地卖给了甲，并请求退庭与甲协商解决纠纷，但他却没有再返回法庭。法庭基于丙的欺诈而将土地判给了乙，同时判定由丙给甲及其继承人另一块等值地产作为补偿，而甲是根本不会去要求这种补偿的，这样就实现了土地转让。若甲欲将地产在其子女间平分，他可再让乙封给他自己终身地产〔estate for life〕，同时为其子女设定剩余地产〔remainder〕即可实现目的。后来这种程序为更安全而设立了二次担保〔double voucher〕，使得该程序更为复杂。阻却地产的限嗣性质，也可用另一种拟制诉讼程序〔fine〕来进行，它们都在1833年被取消，阻却限嗣地产的性质也只需一种在法院登记的文书〔deed〕即可完成。 (→fine; double voucher)
common recovery. Hist. An elaborate proceeding, full of legal fictions, by which a tenant in tail disentailed a fee-tail estate. • The action facilitated land transfer by allowing a potential transferee who was barred by law from receiving land to “recover” the land by suing the actual owner. Common recoveries, which were abolished early in