servitor of bills
servitor of bills (s[schwa]r-vi-t[schwa]r). Hist. A messenger of the marshal of the King’s Bench, sent out to summon people to court. — Also termed tip-stave.
servitor of bills (s[schwa]r-vi-t[schwa]r). Hist. A messenger of the marshal of the King’s Bench, sent out to summon people to court. — Also termed tip-stave.
surveillance n. 监视 警察使用的一种侦查手段,包括对人和场所的直接监视〔visual observation〕和电子监听,如监视〔stakeout〕、跟踪〔tailing of suspects〕、搭线窃听〔wire tapping〕等。其目的旨在收集犯罪证据或仅为积累有关犯罪活动的资料。
handbill. A written or printed notice displayed, handed out, or posted, usu. to inform interested people of an event or of something to be done. • Posting and distribution of handbills is regulated by ordinance or statute in most localities.
bill of entry. Maritime law. A written description of goods filed by an importer with customs officials to obtain permission to unload a ship’s goods.
chilling effect doctrine 〈美〉寒蝉原则;抑制原则 指某一法律或行为〔practice〕抑制宪法性权利〔constitutional rights〕,尤其是为美国宪法第一条修正案所保护的权利行使的倾向或后果。在美国不必然产生此种效果的制定法通常被认定并不违宪。美国最高法院大法官弗利克斯·法兰克福特〔Felix Frankfurter〕于1952年首次使用该隐喻,他在附和否决一项教师效忠宣誓〔teacher loyalty oath〕的判决意见中称,一部有关颠覆组织成员资格的法律具有「抑制」〔chill〕思想和行为自由〔freedom of thought and action〕倾向;而确切的「chilling effect」一词首先出现在美国最高法院1961年的一份判决中,由首席大法官厄尔·沃伦〔Earl Warren〕从哈佛大学法学院教授保罗·弗罗因德〔Paul Freund〕的一篇文章援引而来。此后,美国最高法院在近百起案件中运用此隐喻认定这些法律对言论自由具有「寒蝉」效果。例如,一部禁止参加某一「知名颠覆分子」〔known Subversives〕所属组织的法律,其用语太过宽泛,使得人们心存被不正当归类或因之遭受惩罚的疑虑,而怯于加入所有合法组织。换言之,为避免触犯法律,倾向于自责而不敢行使权利。
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insinuation of a will. Civil law. The first production of a will for probate.
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election under (the) will 遗嘱选择(原则) 指有遗嘱时,遗产继承人或受遗赠人既可以选择接受遗嘱中为其设定的权益,但若该遗嘱中剥夺了其依法应得的财产权益,也可以选择拒绝接受遗嘱,而主张其依法应得的财产权益。简而言之,对是否接受遗嘱进行选择。
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The unlawful and intentional killing of another without excuse or mitigating circumstances.
joint and mutual will 共同互惠遗嘱 指由两人或两人以上共同作出的一份遗嘱,其中涉及其各自所有或共同所有的财产的处分。据此,如一方先死,生存方有义务根据遗嘱条款处分财产,并以各遗嘱人彼此获得对方的遗嘱为对价。它实际上是共同遗嘱〔joint will〕与互惠遗嘱〔mutual will〕的组合。
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