canonist
canonist (kan-[schwa]n-ist), n. An expert in canon law; esp., a canon lawyer or professor of ecclesiastical law.
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chirograph
chirograph (kI-r[schwa]-graf), n. 1. Civil law. A handwritten instrument. 2. A written deed, subscribed and witnessed. — Also termed cyrographum. 3. Such a deed in two parts from a single original document separated by an indented line through the word chirographum, each party retaining one part. 4. Hist. FOOT OF THE FINE. — Also termed
concordia discordantium canonum
Concordia discordantium canonum (kon-kor-dee-[schwa] dis-kor-dan-shee-[ schwa]m k[schwa]-nohn-[schwa]m). [Latin “the harmony of the discordant canons”] Hist. A collection of eccle-siastical authorities compiled by Gratian, an Italian monk, ca. 1140. • Gratian analyzed questions of law by drawing conclusions from side-by-side comparisons of a variety of texts. Later canonist scholarship usu. pro-ceeded from Gratian’s work. — Also
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embryo
embryo (em-bree-oh). A developing but unborn or unhatched animal; esp., an unborn human from conception until the development of organs (i.e., until about the eighth week of pregnancy). Cf. FETUS; ZYGOTE. embryo formatus (for-may-t[schwa]s).Eccles. law. A human embryo organized into human shape and endowed with a soul. • Though rejected in the early doctrine of
lesion
lesion (lee-zh[schwa]n). 1. An injury or wound; esp., an area of wounded tissue. 2. Civil law. Loss from another’s failure to perform a contract; the injury suffered by one who did not receive the equivalent value of what was bargained for. La. Civ. Code art. 2589. — Also spelled (in sense 2) lésion. [Cases: Vendor
bracton
Bracton. The common title of one of the earliest books of English law, De Legibus et Consuetudinibus Angliae (ca. 1250). • Henry of Bratton (also known as Bracton), a judge of the Court of King’s Bench and of Assize, is credited with writing the work, though he may have merely revised an earlier version. “Bracton’s
bellum justum
bellum justum (bel-[schwa]m j[schwa]s-t[schwa]m). [Latin] Int’l law. A just war; one that the proponent considers morally and legally justifiable, such as a war against an aggressive, totalitarian regime. • Under Roman law, before war could be declared, the fetiales (a group of priests who monitored international treaties) had to certify to the Senate that just
decretalist
decretalist n. 教会法专家 指主要研究教皇教令〔papal decretals〕的教会法学者，尤指约1200-1234年教会法学理论〔canonist science〕初创阶段的学者。他们主要从事教令的发掘和收集，并对教令中所包括的教会法〔canon law〕内容给予系统和科学的阐释。他们不同于以罗马教会的法律，即以教令为主要研究对象的教令法学家〔decretist〕。
convene
convene, vb. 1. To call together; to cause to assemble. 2. Eccles. law. To summon to respond to an action. See CONVENTIO(1). “When the defendant was brought to answer, he was said to be convened, — which the canonists called conventio, because the plaintiff and defendant met to contest.” 1 John Bouvier, Bouvier’s Law-Dictionary 668