Search Results for: LAPIDATION

dilapidations action for

dilapidations, action for (d[schwa]-lap-[schwa]-day-sh[schwa]nz). Hist. An action brought by a new incumbent of a benefice for damages rising from the disrepair of the houses or buildings on the benefice. • The incumbent — whether of a rectory, a vicarage, or a chapel — sued the executors or administrators of the incumbent’s deceased predecessor (who was […]

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dilapidation

dilapidation n. (1)倒塌;毁坏 (2)(教会法)毁坏 教牧人员倾覆或损坏教会建筑。此种行为既可以是主动的破坏,也可以是消极地任由教堂、牧师住宅等建筑的朽坏。教会法院或普通法院均可提供救济。除非为了必要的修缮,否则对教会的财产损毁可以作为革除主教、牧师或其他神职人员教职的理由。普通法院还有专门的禁止令状。 (3)对租赁房屋的毁坏 包括怠于作必要的修缮,听任其朽坏或拆除房屋的部分或全部。

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dilapidation

dilapidation. (often pl.) Damage to a building resulting from acts of either commission or omission. • A dilapidation may give rise to liability if it constitutes an act of waste, a breach of contract, or a statutory violation.

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sequestration

sequestration n. (1)隔离(证人) 旨在确保证人不受先前证人的证言影响,只就他所知的案件事实作证,以强化在事实调查中交叉询问的作用。 (2)财产暂管(令) 在罗马法上,当两人对某一财产的权属发生争议时,即将该财产由暂管人〔sequester〕保管,直至争议得到解决。后世的大陆法和普通法中都继承了这一制度。现在,该词在一般意义上指依司法授权将某财产从其占有人手中转移给他人保管,直至确定该财产的权利归属或与该财产有关的诉讼终结。在美国,它具体指授权某一官员(如行政司法官)扣押被告人的财产以执行法院命令,或行使法院的准对物管辖权〔quasi in rem jurisdiction〕,或保管该财产直至法院作出判决的令状。在路易斯安那州〔Louisiana〕的法律中,指将争议财产暂时交由无利害关系的第三人保管,待确定其权利归属后再归还给权利人。在苏格兰,指依据司法命令将财产从私人手中转移给法院官员保管。它适用于下列三种情形:1是该财产在当时处于无主状态或危险状态,或处于争议之中;2是土地出租人寻求实现其在土地承租人的财产上设定的地租担保时;3是为了全体债权人的利益而接管无偿债能力者的财产时。 (3) 〈英〉财产扣押令 指法院对专员〔commissioners〕(通常为4人)发出的令状,要求其占有因不服从法院判决而藐视法庭者的所有不动产和动产,并收取其财产租金和收益,直至该人履行了所要求的行为。在以前,这是一项特权令状,只有衡平法院〔Court of Chancery〕与遗嘱检验和离婚法院才能签发。现在高等法院的各分庭都有权签发此令状。 (4) 〈英〉(教会法)清偿教会债务令 主教为执行扣押教产令〔sequestrari facias〕而向堂区俗人执事〔churchwardens〕发出的令状,要求其扣押债务人圣俸的收益以偿还债务。 (5) 〈英〉(教会法)圣职暂管令 当圣职出现空缺时,由主教向堂区俗人执事发出的令状,授权其管理该圣职的全部收支,耕种属于该圣职的土地〔glebe〕,并可行使必要的宗教管辖权〔cure of souls〕。他负责向新的圣职任职者说明收益。该令状通常还用于滥用圣俸之诉〔spoliation〕中,或作为一种处罚,或作为一种因毁坏教产〔dilapidations〕而强制支付金钱的方式。 (6) 〈美〉(政府机关为节约开支而对预算基金所作的)冻结(或止付) (7)(国际法)(政府对个人财产的)征用

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wear and tear

wear and tear. Deterioration caused by ordinary use; the depreciation of property resulting from its reasonable use (the tenant is not liable for normal wear and tear to the leased premises). — Also termed fair wear and tear; natural wear and tear. [Cases: Landlord and Tenant 55. C.J.S. Landlord and Tenant § 260.] “ ‘Fair

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