miscarriage of justice. A grossly unfair outcome in a judicial proceeding, as when a defendant is convicted despite a lack of evidence on an essential element of the crime. — Also termed failure of justice.
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miscarriage of justice 审判不公；判决失当；误判 指案件判决存在重大不公正，忽视或否定了一方当事人的实质性权利。只有当法院对整个案情(包括证据)进行审查后，可以合理地认为如果不发生错误可能会得出对上诉方更为有利的结果时，方可宣布初审法院的判决失当，从而可撤销原判决。
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promise to answer for the debt， default， or miscarriage of another 承诺对他人的债务或不履行债务及第三人侵害债务的行为负责
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miscarriage. Spontaneous and involuntary premature expulsion of a nonviable fetus. — Also termed spontaneous abortion. criminal miscarriage. Hist. See ABORTION(1).
fundamental-miscarriage-of-justice exception. The doctrine allowing a federal court in a habeas corpus proceeding to address a claim of constitutional error that, although ordinarily unreviewable, is subject to review because of a state-court procedural default that rendered the proceedings basically unfair. • For the exception to apply, among other things, the petitioner must show by a
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feticide (fee-t[schwa]-sId). 1. The act or an instance of killing a fetus, usu. by assaulting and battering the mother; esp., the act of unlawfully causing the death of a fetus. 2. An intentionally induced miscarriage. — Also spelled foeticide. — Also termed child destruction. Cf. INFANTICIDE (1). — feticidal, adj.
late-term abortion. An abortion performed during the latter stages of pregnancy, usu. after the middle of the second trimester. partial-birth abortion. An abortion in which a viable fetus is partially delivered before being destroyed. spontaneous abortion. See MISCARRIAGE. therapeutic abortion. An abortion carried out to preserve the life or health of the mother. [Cases: Abortion
plead (one’s) belly. Hist. Slang. (Of a female defendant) to claim pregnancy as a defense, usu. to postpone or avoid a court’s sentence of capital punishment or transportation. • A female defendant who pleaded that she was pregnant was treated with suspicion. The judge would appoint a jury of matrons (often consisting of 12 married
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writ of supervisory control 〈美〉监控令 一种仅为纠正低级法院在其管辖权范围内所作的错误裁判而签发之令状。该令状适用于缺乏上诉救济或上诉救济并不充分且该错误裁判导致重大不公之情形。它具有控制初审法院诉讼进程的简易上诉〔summary appeal〕之性质，在必要时它阻止审理不当〔miscarriage of justice〕,也可用来制止夸大的和无谓的诉讼。这种令状的功能是使联邦最高法院〔Supreme Court〕可以控制低级法院的诉讼进程，这些法院虽在其管辖权范围内进行审理活动，但它们误用法律或故意无视法律而产生重大不公，且缺乏上诉救济或上诉并不足以矫正不公。
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