union shop
A shop in which the employer may hire nonunion employees on the condition that they join a union within a specified time (usu. at least 30 days).
Search Results for: SHOP
dram shop liability
dram-shop liability. Civil liability of a commercial seller of alcoholic beverages for personal injury caused by an intoxicated customer. • Claims based on a similar type of liability have been brought against private citizens for personal injury caused by an intoxicated social guest. [Cases: Intoxicating Liquors 282–324. C.J.S. Intoxicating Liquors §§ 428–463.]
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bishop
bishop n. 主教 指包含若干教堂会众的教区〔diocese〕首席牧师和总管，隶属于其教区所属的教省〔province〕的大主教管辖。主教负有对教区的宗教管辖权，拥有教会法赋予的立法、司法和强制执行权力。主教有权祝圣牧师和授予圣职，并有权管理和支配教区的财政收入。在天主教教会，主教的任命由教皇最后批准，主教有权制定法律，但不得与教会和公议会所立的法律相左，主教通常任命主教司法代理〔official〕审理教会案件。在英格兰国教会，主教的选举由国王提名，主教参事会〔dean and chapter〕进行选举，通常经过选举、正式确认〔confirmation〕、祝圣〔consecration〕和就职〔installation〕四个程序产生新的主教。主教可参加上议院〔House of Lords〕，并在英格兰国教公会议〔General Synod of the Church of England〕的教士院〔House of Bishops〕以及坎特伯雷或约克教省的教牧人员代表会议〔convocation〕上议院分别有一席位。主教必须任命一位主教司法官〔chancellor〕在其教区法院〔consistory court〕行使审判职能。主教教务代理〔suffragan bishop〕只代理行使主教的纯教会事务。在其他新教教会，主教的选举通过教区大会等方式进行。
shoplifting
shoplifting n. 入店行窃 是对进入商店等商业企业偷窃行为的口语化表述。它不是一个独立的罪名，可作偷盗罪惩罚。入店行窃需由以下二要素构成：１故意拿取商业企业出售的商品；２具有不付款而拿取该商品为自己所用的意图。在英国，入店行窃行为的最高法定刑为10年。对于此类案件，如果被告人同意，可按简易程序审理。对大多数惯常入店行窃犯通常适用监禁刑。
chop shop
chop-shop, n. Criminal law. A garage where stolen automobiles are dismantled so that their parts can be sold separately. [Cases: Receiving Stolen Goods 1. C.J.S. Receiving or Transferring Stolen Goods and Related Offenses §§ 2, 10–12, 15–16.]
shop right
shop right. Patents. An employer’s right to an irrevocable, nonassignable, nonexclusive, royalty-free license in an employee’s invention, if the employee conceived and developed the invention during the course of employment and used company funds and materials. • The term derives from the idea that the right belongs to the shop, not to the employee. Employment
judge shopping
judge-shopping. The practice of filing several lawsuits asserting the same claims — in a court or a district with multiple judges — with the hope of having one of the lawsuits assigned to a favorable judge and of nonsuiting or voluntarily dismissing the others. Cf. FORUM-SHOPPING.
closed shop
A shop in which the employer, by agreement with a union, hires and retains in employment only union members in good standing. • Closed shops were made illegal under the federal Labor–Management Relations Act. — Also termed closed union shop. See PREHIRE AGREEMENT. Cf. closed union under UNION. [Cases: Labor Relations 251. C.J.S. Labor Relations