corporate purposes

corporate purposes

公司目的;法人宗旨 指公司成立所希望达到的商业目标的一般范围。在英美各国历史上,以公司形式从事商业活动是一种特权,故政府规定成立公司必须有具体的目的。美国各州的制定法一般要求在商业公司的章程上明述公司的目的。但现在的通常做法是将公司目的表述为「任何合法目的」〔any lawful purposes〕,而非公司的具体商业行为种类,从而在实际上扩展了公司的经营范围。当然,与之相对的「非法目的」〔unlawful purposes〕则不仅指其本身违法或受到禁制的行为,而且还包括其他未经授权行使的权力、缔结合同或其他行为,亦即越权行为〔ultra vires〕。公司目的与公司权力〔corporate powers〕是「目的」与「手段」的关系,公司可以运用其权力以达到其成立之目的。就市政法人〔municipal corporations〕而言,尤其在涉及其征税权时,其「法人宗旨」在于提高公共繁荣与城市福利。


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