glossary

hats in court

hats in court 〈英〉法庭之冠 在任命衡平法院新主事法官〔Master in Chancery〕时,御前大臣〔Lord Chancellor〕从主事法官手中接过主事法官之冠将其戴于该主事法官之首,对其口称「先生,你有权成为本庭成员〔Sir, you have a right to be covered in this court〕」。

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uniform computer information transactions act

Uniform Computer Information Transactions Act. A model law that regulates software licensing and computer-information transactions. • The Act draws on contract law and the Uniform Commercial Code to create a regulatory scheme for licensing, rather than sales or lease, transactions. Among other things, UCITA applies to contracts for the licensing or purchase of software, contracts

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extraordinary lords

extraordinary lords 〈苏格兰〉特命贵族 苏格兰1532年成立最高民事法院〔Court of Session〕时,法院由院长、14名普通贵族〔Ordinary Lords〕和3至4名特命贵族组成。特命贵族由国王提名,不需要具备一定资格,也没有薪金,并且可以随意决定是否出庭。这种做法虽可博取贵族的欢心,但却加强了王室的干预。且这些贵族只是在案件与自己有利害关系时才愿意出庭。1553年特命贵族人数增加到8人,但后来遭到反对,又减为4人。该数目一直持续到1723年,这一年还规定,任何空缺都不能填补。伯内特大主教〔Archbishop Burnet〕是最后一位担任法官(1664-1668)的神职特命贵族。约翰·海〔John Hay〕,特威黛尔侯爵〔Marquis of Tweeddale〕则为最后担任此职(1721-1761)的特命贵族。

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