glossary

modo et forma

modo et forma 〈拉〉在方法和形式上 古时诉状中的用语。意指一方当事人在反驳对方的主张时,否认对方在诉状中所主张的事实是以其宣称的方法和形式作出的,因此,要求对方就其所主张的事实的一般效力及提出该主张的方法和形式都须证明为真实、可靠。

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pyramid scheme

pyramid scheme. A property-distribution scheme in which a participant pays for the chance to receive compensation for introducing new persons to the scheme, as well as for when those new persons themselves introduce participants. • Pyramid schemes are illegal in most states. — Also termed endless-chain scheme; chain-referral scheme; multilevel-distribution program; pyramid distribution plan. Cf.

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