excommunication
n. 绝罚；开除教籍 一种教会惩罚，指将被惩罚者逐出教会。分为两种，前者指被惩罚者不能参加圣礼或担任圣职，惩罚程度较轻，由教会法官执行；后者针对最严重的违反教规者，被惩罚者不能与任何基督徒交往，甚至被捕入狱。如果被绝罚者认罪并忏悔，可由教会法官、主教或教皇赦免。中世纪绝罚经常被用以惩罚世俗君王，但后逐渐失效。
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