lex naturale

lex naturale

〈拉〉 (1)自然法则;自然规律 指自然界的科学法则。 (2)自然法 「自然法」的概念源出于罗马帝国法学家的着作。它指人通过理性思维就能发现并出自自然且与自然相一致的指导人类行为的普遍原则和规律。这种原则和规律不同于任何制定法及任何国家或民族的法律体系。因为自然法是合乎人性并体现了神的意志,因此它不是立法和司法活动的产物,而是由本质上永恒并且无处不在的自然赋予其合法性以决定是与非。自然法往往与实在法〔positive law〕相对应,但两者并非是相互排斥的,比如「汝不可杀人」〔Thou shalt not kill〕,就是自然法和实在法二者都可以共同接受的规则。但20世纪的法学学者站在实证论的角度上大都拒绝承认自然法的概念,因为真的科学知识并不能证实价值判断,而自然法基本上是由价值判断组成的。 (=jus naturale;natural law)


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