master and servant

glossary / MASTER AND SERVANT
master and servant. The relation between two persons, one of whom (the master) has authority over the other (the servant), with the power to direct the time, manner, and place of the services. • This relationship is similar to that of principal and agent, but that terminology applies to employments in which the employee has some discretion, while the servant is almost completely under the control of the master. Also, an agent usu. acts for the principal in business relations with third parties, while a servant does not. See master–servant relationship under RELATIONSHIP. [Cases: Master and Servant

1. C.J.S. Apprentices §§ 2, 11; Employer–Employee Relationship §§ 2–3, 6–12.]

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master and servant

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master and servant 僱主与僱员 指僱主以支付报酬方式僱佣他人在约定期限内为其服务、工作。僱主有权指定僱员从事何种工作和完成工作的方式。此词语现已为「employer and employee」所取代。这种关系与「本人-代理人」关系相似，区别在于代理人具有一定的自由裁量权，而僱员则完全处于僱主的控制之下；代理人通常是代理被代理人与第三人从事交易，僱员则否。僱员与独立承揽人〔independent contractor〕也不同，后者受雇而承担某一特定项目时，可以自主决定以何种方式完成工作，并不受僱主控制，因此，其在完成工作时给他人造成的损害由其自行承担责任。 (→agency; independent contractor; vicarious liability)

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