no search rule
〈美〉免受搜查规则 指1978年卡特政府提出而由国会通过的一项法律规则，即除有对生命或身体构成「即刻的危险」〔imminent danger〕或为收集犯罪的证据外，不得搜查或扣押记者、作家或其他人所准备出版的作品或其所收集的书面资料。该规则还规定不论政府哪一级别的调查犯罪的人员如需查看记者、自由作家、学者或出版商等为准备出版而收集的资料时，都必须使用命证人提交书面文件的传票〔subpoena duces tecum〕而不是使用搜查令。前者与后者的重大差别在于，该种传票需列明所需的文件是什么，并要求这些文件在法庭上呈示，还给予时间允许当事人在法庭上对该种要求予以争辩。而搜查令则授权执法官员无须给予任何警告，可任意搜查。
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