“The general issue in covenant is ‘non est factum,’ which is a formal denial that the deed is the deed of the defendant.” Benjamin J. Shipman, Handbook of Common-Law Pleading § 187, at 331 (Henry Winthrop Ballantine ed., 3d ed. 1923).
general non est factum. Hist. A broad, nonspecific denial that an instrument was executed or executed properly.
particular non est factum. See special non est factum.
special non est factum. Hist. A pleading that specifies the grounds on which an instrument’s execution is invalid or nonbinding.
— Also termed particular non est factum.
verified non est factum. Hist. A sworn denial that puts the validity of the instrument as well as the signature in question.