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sociology of law

glossary / ,

sociology of law 法社会学 社会学的一个分支，是关于法律制度、规则、惯例、程序及作为构成社会整体因素的个人的学科，研究它们在特定的社会里的功能、影响和效果。它研究的重点是社会，认为法是一种社会现象。为了进行上述研究，必须对法律作广义的理解，而不能将之局限于国家权力机关制定和实施的规则。作为研究人类精神的社会学，法社会学研究的是法律的全部社会现实，它首先从那些具体的和外部的人类行为及物质基础开始，通过对它们内在意义的分析来解释这些行为本身和法律的外在体现，当然这种内在意义在影响外部行为或表现的同时也在一定程度上为后者所改变。法社会学特别注重从事先确定的法律符号模式出发，如具体的实在法，然后到所谓的正确的或合理的法律符号，如富有弹性的规则和自然法，再到法律的价值和观念。法社会学分为系统性〔systematic〕、区分性〔differential〕以及发生性〔genetic〕法社会学，分别研究作为社会交往形式和社会现实基准之功能的法律表现、作为团体之功能的法律表现和作为变化之倾向和因素的规则及特定类型社会法律的发展与衰败。法社会学与社会法学〔sociological jurisprudence〕不同，后者主要从社会学的角度来研究法律制度、概念、规则及程序问题，通常把法律看作是一种社会控制工具。 (→sociological jurisprudence)

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territorial law

glossary /

territorial law. The law that applies to all persons within a given territory regardless of their citizenship or nationality. Cf. PERSONAL LAW. “[T]he expression ‘territorial law’ … is not confined to the positive rules that regulate acts and events occurring within the jurisdiction, but includes also rules for the choice of law. English rules for

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caucus

glossary /

caucus (kaw-k[schwa]s), n. 1. Representatives from a political party who assemble to nominate candidates and decide party policy. [Cases: Elections 125. C.J.S. Elections § 104.] 2. A meeting of a group, usu. within a deliberative assembly, of people aligned by party or interest to formulate a policy or strategy. — caucus, vb. “The term caucus

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durrett rule

glossary /

Durrett rule. Bankruptcy. The principle that a transfer of property in exchange for less than 70% of the property’s value should be invalidated as a preferential transfer. Durrett v. Washington Nat’l Ins. Co., 621 F.2d 201 (5th Cir. 1980); 11 USCA § 548. • This rule has been applied most frequently to foreclosure sales. But

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malicious prosecution

glossary /

malicious prosecution. 1. The institution of a criminal or civil proceeding for an improper purpose and without probable cause. • The tort requires an adversary to prove four elements: (1) the initiation or continuation of a lawsuit; (2) lack of probable cause; (3) malice; and (4) favorable termination of the lawsuit. Restatement (Second) of Torts

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dedication

glossary /

dedication, n. Property. The donation of land or creation of an easement for public use. [Cases: Dedication 1–28. C.J.S. Dedication §§ 1–12, 14–30, 56–64.] — dedicate, vb. — dedicatory, adj. common-law dedication. A dedication made without a statute, consisting in the owner’s appropriation of land, or an easement in it, for the benefit or use

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