protection money. 1. A bribe paid to an officer as an inducement not to interfere with the criminal activities of the briber. • Examples include payments to an officer in exchange for the officer’s releasing an arrestee, removing records of traffic violations from a court’s files, and refraining from making a proper arrest. [Cases: Bribery […]
A borrower’s interest payment that includes administrative, service, and insurance charges.
case plan. A written procedure for the care and management of a child who has been removed from his or her home and placed in foster care or in an institution. • The case plan includes (1) a description of the place where the child has been placed, (2) a plan for providing the child
An easement created by law after an owner of two parcels of land uses one parcel to benefit the other to such a degree that, upon the sale of the benefited parcel, the purchaser could reasonably expect the use to be included in the sale. — Also termed easement by implication; way of necessity. [Cases:
religion. A system of faith and worship usu. involving belief in a supreme being and usu. containing a moral or ethical code; esp., such a system recognized and practiced by a particular church, sect, or denomination. • In construing the protections under the Establishment Clause and the Free Exercise Clause, courts have interpreted the term
A danger or risk that is peculiar to a particular calling or occupation. • Occupational hazards include both accidental injuries and occupational diseases.
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election contest. A challenge by an election’s loser against the winner, calling for an analysis of the election returns, which may include reviewing voter qualifications or re-counting the ballots. [Cases: Elections 148, 269–306. C.J.S. Elections §§ 1(10), 120, 139, 219, 245–267, 269–270, 272–277, 279, 281, 283–284, 288–292, 295–296, 298–301, 305–306, 308, 310, 312, 314, 317–318.]
A covenant that binds the grantor to ensure the completeness, security, and continuance of the title transferred. • This covenant usu. includes the covenants for seisin, against encumbrances, for the right to convey, for quiet enjoyment, and of warranty. [Cases: Covenants 38–48, 62–67. C.J.S. Covenants §§ 14–24, 29, 46–47.]
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Jurisdiction over a claim that is part of the same case or controversy as another claim over which the court has original jurisdiction. • Since 1990, federal district courts have had supplemental jurisdiction, which includes jurisdiction over both ancillary and pendent claims. 28 USCA § 1367. See ancillary jurisdiction; pendent jurisdiction. [Cases: Courts 27; Equity
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land department. A federal or state bureau that determines factual matters regarding the control and transfer of public land. • The federal land department includes the General Land Office headed by the Secretary of the Interior. See DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR. [Cases: Public Lands 94. C.J.S. Public Lands §§ 167–168.]