Advanced Television Enhancement Forum. A standard-setting organization that defines the protocols for HTML-based enhanced television. • The organization is an alliance of representatives from broadcast and cable networks, the consumer electronics and personal-computer industries, and television-transport companies. — Abbr. ATVEF.
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A patent claim defining a product through the process by which it is made. • The product-by-process claim is most often used to define new chemical compounds, such as drugs. [Cases: Patents 101(11).]
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Parliamentary law. A document that defines or organizes an organization, or grants or establishes its authority and governance. • An organization’s governing documents may include a charter, articles of incorporation or association, a constitution, bylaws, and rules. A charter or articles of incorporation or association, if they have been granted or adopted, are an organization’s
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jus (j[schwa]s also joos or yoos), n. [Latin “law, right”] 1. Law in the abstract. 2. A system of law. 3. A legal right, power, or principle. 4. Roman law. Man-made law. • The term usu. refers to a right rather than a statute. Cf. FAS(1); JUS ANTIQUUM; LEX. — Abbr. J. — Also spelled
embezzlement, n. The fraudulent taking of personal property with which one has been entrusted, esp. as a fiduciary. • The criminal intent for embezzlement — unlike larceny and false pretenses — arises after taking possession (not before or during the taking). — Also termed defalcation; peculation. See LARCENY; FALSE PRETENSES. [Cases: Embezzlement 1. C.J.S. Embezzlement
bargain, n. An agreement between parties for the exchange of promises or performances. • A bargain is not necessarily a contract because the consideration may be insufficient or the transaction may be illegal. See BARGAIN SALE; informal contract under CONTRACT. [Cases: Contracts 1. C.J.S. Contracts §§ 2–3, 9, 12.] — bargain, vb. “A bargain is
Defense of Marriage Act. A federal statute that (1) provides that no state can be required to recognize or give effect to same-sex marriages, (2) defines the term “marriage” for purposes of federal law as the union of a man and a woman as husband and wife, and (3) defines “spouse” for purposes of federal
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A county subdivision that defines the territorial jurisdiction of a magistrate, constable, or justice of the peace. — Also termed magisterial district. [Cases: Justices of the Peace 52. C.J.S. Justices of the Peace § 41.]
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crime against the law of nations. Int’l law. 1. A crime punishable under internationally prescribed criminal law or defined by an international convention and required to be made punishable under the criminal law of the member states. 2. A crime punishable under international law; an act that is internationally agreed to be of a criminal
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A law that defines an offense and prescribes its corresponding fine, penalty, or punishment. — Also termed penal law; punitive statute. [Cases: Statutes 241. C.J.S. Statutes § 378.]