Torts. The principle that a plaintiff cannot sue in tort to recover for purely monetary loss — as opposed to physical injury or property damage — caused by the defendant. • Many states recognize an exception to this rule when the defendant commits fraud or negligent misrepresentation, or when a special relationship exists between the […]
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A dual agreement consisting of an agreement by the consumer to purchase goods or services (usu. at an inflated price) and an agreement by the seller to compensate the consumer for each customer (or potential customer) referred to the seller. — Also termed referral sales agreement. Cf. PYRAMID SCHEME. [Cases: Consumer Protection 12. C.J.S. Credit
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income statement 收益表；损益表 反映企业在一定时期盈利能力的财务报表。它通过记录一定时期内的销售收入和销货成本计算净收益或是净损失。亦称作「statement of income」、「profit-and-loss statement」、「earnings report」。
A conscientious, meaningful legal representation, whereby the defendant is ad-vised of all rights and the lawyer performs all required tasks reasonably according to the prevailing professional standards in criminal cases. See Fed. R. Crim. P. 44; 18 USCA § 3006A.
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county franchise 〈英〉郡选举权 1867年《人民代表法》〔Representation of the People Act〕将此权授予所有郡户主，而1884年《人民代表法》又将此权也授予年租金达10英镑的房客。 (→elector)
listing agent. The real-estate broker’s representative who obtains a listing agreement with the owner. Cf. selling agent under AGENT(2). [Cases: Brokers 40. C.J.S. Brokers §§ 117–120, 125, 143.]
hearth money. Hist. 1. A tax of two shillings levied on every fireplace in England (14 Car. 2, ch. 10). • This extremely unpopular tax was enacted in 1662 during the reign of Charles II and abolished in 1688. — Also termed chimney money. 2. PETER-PENCE.
reverse consensus. Intellectual property. In a dispute-settlement procedure under TRIPs, an agreement between the parties that a dispute should not be submitted to a World Trade Organization panel for adjudication. • Before TRIPs, any party could delay formation of a WTO panel or adoption of its report by withholding consensus. Under TRIPs, each process is
doctrine of identification. Hist. English law. The rule that if a person traveling in a conveyance is injured in an accident that occurs because of someone else’s negligence, and the driver of the conveyance is contributorily negligent, the passenger cannot claim damages against the tortfeasor since the passenger is “identified” with the contributorily negligent driver.
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