protest, n. 1. A formal statement or action expressing dissent or disapproval. • Under some circumstances, a protest is lodged to preserve a claim or right. 2. A notary public’s written statement that, upon presentment, a negotiable instrument was neither paid nor accepted. — Also termed initial protest; noting protest. Cf. NOTICE OF DISHONOR. [Cases: […]
International Court of Justice. The 15-member permanent tribunal that is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations. • The Court sits in The Hague, Netherlands. It has jurisdiction to decide disputes submitted to it by nations, and to render advisory opinions requested by the United Nations and its specialized agencies. The U.N. Security Council
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workers’-compensation board. An agency that reviews cases arising under workers’-compensation statutes and administers the related rules and regulations. — Also termed workers’-compensation commission. [Cases: Workers’ Compensation 1076–1096.10. C.J.S. Workmen’s Compensation §§ 700–729.] “Workers’ compensation boards … are tribunals … of limited and special jurisdiction and have only such authority and power as have been conferred
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An established pattern of conduct between parties in a series of transactions (e.g., multiple sales of goods over a period of years). • If a dispute arises, the parties’ course of dealing can be used as evidence of how they intended to carry out the transaction. Cf. COURSE OF PERFORMANCE ; trade usage under USAGE.
arbitrament (ahr-bi-tr[schwa]-m[schwa]nt). 1. The power to decide for oneself or others; the power to decide finally and absolutely. 2. The act of deciding or settling a dispute that has been referred to arbitration. [Cases: Arbitration 48. C.J.S. Arbitration §§ 91, 95, 107.] 3. AWARD. — Also spelled (archaically) ar-bitrement.
peers of fees. Hist. Vassals or tenants of the same lord who judged disputes arising out of fees.
inclusionary-approach rule. The principle that evidence of a prior crime, wrong, or act is admissible for any purpose other than to show a defendant’s criminal propensity as long as it is relevant to some disputed issue and its probative value outweighs its prejudicial effect. [Cases: Criminal Law 369.2(1). C.J.S. Criminal Law §§ 825–826.]
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A building separate from but complementing the main structure on a lot, such as a garage. • The question whether a structure is an “accessory building” is often litigated in zoning disputes.
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Hilton doctrine. Civil procedure. The rule that in a dispute between parties to an oil-and-gas lease, royalty owners who would lose their rights if the defendant’s lease were terminated are regarded as indispensable parties to a proceeding challenging the lease. Hilton v. Atlantic Refining Co., 327 F.2d 217 (5th Cir. 1964). [Cases: Mines and Minerals
clerk of the market. Hist. The overseer of a public market, responsible for witnessing oral contracts, inquiring into weights and measures, measuring land, and settling disputes between people dealing there. • The office has become obsolete as a result of various statutes regulating weights and measures.
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