judicial fact
A fact that the court accepts as proved without hearing evidence. See JUDICIAL NOTICE. [Cases: Criminal Law 304; Evidence 1. C.J.S. Criminal Law § 657; Evidence §§ 8–11, 106.]
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habere facias possessionem
habere facias possessionem (h[schwa]-beer-ee fay-shee-[schwa]s p[schwa]-zes[h]-ee-oh-n[schwa]m), n. [Law Latin “that you cause to have possession”] Hist. A writ giving a successful ejectment-action plaintiff the possession of the recovered land. • If the sheriff delivered more than the person was entitled to, a writ of rehabere facias seisinam could compel the sheriff to return the excess.
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judicial jurisdiction
The legal power and authority of a court to make a decision that binds the parties to any matter properly brought before it.
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special errors
special errors 特别复审答辩 在旧时的普通法诉讼中，指提出一些另外的事项作为对抗复审令状〔writ of error〕的理由，例如已放弃复审请求权，或提出复审请求的时限已过等。对此，请求复审的当事人可以作出答辩或抗议。
facial challenge
A claim that a statute is unconstitutional on its face — that is, that it always operates unconstitutionally.
special statutory proceeding
special statutory proceeding 特别的制定法上的诉讼 (→extraordinary remedies; special proceeding)
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artificial watercourse
A man-made watercourse, usu. to be used only temporarily. • If the watercourse is of a permanent character and has been maintained for a sufficient length of time, it may be considered a natural watercourse to which riparian rights can attach. [Cases: Waters and Water Courses 168. C.J.S. Waters §§ 297–304.]
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commercial tort claim
commercial tort claim. A claim arising in tort when the claimant is either (1) an organization, or (2) an individual whose claim arose in the course of the claimant’s business or profession, and the claim does not include damages arising out of personal injury or death. UCC § 9-102(a)(13).
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venire facias ad respondendum
venire facias ad respondendum 〈拉〉出庭答辩令 要求被指控犯有轻罪的人出庭并对被控罪行进行答辩的令状。在英国，此种令状可以由王座法庭、巡回法官或季审法庭〔quarter sessions〕签发，但现已被传唤令〔warrant〕所代替。在美国，现在更多使用的也是传唤令。
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