general benefit
Eminent domain. The whole community’s benefit as a result of a taking. • It cannot be considered to reduce the compensation that is due the condemnee. [Cases: Eminent Domain 91. C.J.S. Eminent Domain § 85.]
Search Results for: EMINENT DOMAIN
due compensation
due compensation 公正的补偿；适当的补偿；应给予的补偿 常用于国家征用法〔law of eminent domain〕中，指国家对被征用财产的所有人所应给予的、相当于被征用财产的价值及因征用而造成的实际损失的补偿。 (→just compensation)
eminence
eminence n. 枢机主教〔cardinals〕的一种荣誉头衔 他们被称作「illustrissimi」或「reverendissimi」，直到乌尔班八世〔Urban Ⅷ〕教皇任职。 eminent domain 国家征用权 该词指某一政府实体为公共目的,征用私有财产尤其是土地,将其转为公用,同时为其征用支付合理补偿的权力。据称,该词源于17世纪法学家格老秀斯〔Grotius〕首创的「eminens dominium」一语。格老秀斯认为，为了社会团体利益,国家拥有征用或破坏财产的权力;但他同时认为国家如此行事时,其有义务补偿物主因此而遭受的损失。不过在英国英语中,「eminent domain」主要是国际法上的用语;而在美国英语中指联邦和地方政府宣布将某一私有财产转为公用的权力,在此意义上的英国英语用词为「expropriation」;具有美式英语特点的「condemnation」一词事实上与此同义。在美国，征用权主要体现于美国宪法(第五条修正案)和州宪法中,不过美国最高法院一直认为此种权力先于美国宪法第五条修正案而存在。在美国,若任何财产被定为公用就不能免于被征用;美国国会不仅有权征用任何土地,而且可以征得州同意或不必征得其同意,不管征用是否会对州项目产生影响,而征用归州所有的土地。同时州也享有此项权力,并且该权力并非立法机关所专有,它可被授予行政机关,甚至是实施公共目的的私人组织。但在美国,征用权是被附加了严格限制的权力,其核心要件有二,即财产仅为「公用」〔public use〕而被征用和物主必须得到合理补偿〔just compensation〕。
deprivation of property
deprivation of property (1)剥夺财产 (2)〈美〉剥夺私人财产 指政府未经正当法律程序，未做合理补偿对私人财产的剥夺，即使是暂时的也构成了宪法第十四条修正案意义上的剥夺，尽管其并不要求为私人或公众用途的实际或有形的剥夺行为，但执行警察权力的特殊情况除外。 (→condemnation；eminent domain；expropriation；just compensation；taking)
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excess condemnation
A taking of land in excess of the boundaries of the public project as designed by the con-demnor. [Cases: Eminent Domain 58. C.J.S. Eminent Domain §§ 68–69.]
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condemnation award
condemnation award 〈美〉征用补偿金 指依据国家征用权〔eminent domain〕征用土地作为公用而向土地所有者支付的补偿金。国家征用权由联邦、州和地方政府以及铁路和某些公用事业单位行使。给予合理的征用补偿金是美国宪法第五条修正案所要求的。被征用者通常有权请求陪审团决定被征用土地的公平市场价值。
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taking
taking, n. 1. Criminal & tort law. The act of seizing an article, with or without removing it, but with an implicit transfer of possession or control. constructive taking. An act that does not equal an actual appropriation of an article but that does show an intention to convert it, as when a person entrusted
implied reservation of water doctrine
implied-reservation-of-water doctrine. A legal doctrine permitting the federal government to use and control, for public purposes, water appurtenant to federal lands. See EMINENT DOMAIN. [Cases: Waters and Water Courses 2. C.J.S. Waters §§ 1, 344–347.]
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confiscation
confiscation n. 没收；充公 指政府将犯罪者的财产或非法所得无偿没收，归缴国库，没收物也包括走私违禁物品、犯罪工具等。在国际法上，交战国可因他国或其公民运载战争违禁品或供应品给被围困或封锁的国家而予以没收占用。没收与征用有所不同，没收是无偿的，征用则应给被征用者合理补偿。(→condemnation; eminent domain; expropriation; forfeiture; seizure)
just compensation
Under the Fifth Amendment, a payment by the government for property it has taken under eminent domain — usu. the property’s fair market value, so that the owner is theoretically no worse off after the taking. — Also termed adequate compensation; due compensation; land damages. [Cases: Eminent Domain 122–150. C.J.S. Eminent Domain §§ 71–72, 86,