confirmation, n. 1. The act of giving formal approval (Senate confirmation hearings). [Cases: United States 35. C.J.S. United States §§ 23, 53, 56–57.] 2. The act of verifying or corroborating; a statement that verifies or corroborates (the journalist sought confirmation of the district attorney’s remarks). 3. The act of ratifying a voidable estate; a type […]
infirmative hypothesis. Criminal law. An approach to a criminal case in which the defendant’s innocence is assumed, and incriminating evidence is explained in a manner consistent with that assumption.
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affirmation, n. A pledge equivalent to an oath but without reference to a supreme being or to “swearing”; a solemn declaration made under penalty of perjury, but without an oath. Fed. R. Civ. P. 43(d). • While an oath is “sworn to ,” an affirmation is merely “affirmed,” but either type of pledge may subject
Hist. In the Court of Exchequer, a day appointed after the beginning of every term to affirm or reverse judgments.
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confirmation of sale (财产)出售确认 指对于根据法院命令而作的财产出售，包括遗嘱执行人或遗产管理人对遗产的出售，法院正式确认其出售条件。 (→decree of confirmation)
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confirmation n. (1)(对人事任命、行政行为等的)批准；认可；同意 如立法机关批准政府的工作、重要人事任命；在教会法中，新当选的主教须经大主教确认。 (2)(对事实、信息、声明等的)证明；证实；确认 (3)(对未确定的、可撤销的或无效的法律行为或产权予以)确认；认可；追认 (4)(银行对其他银行开出的信用证同意给予)确认；保兑 (5)(法庭对企业进入破产程序的)批准 (6)(独立审计师在审计某一企业应收应付账目时向该企业往来客户进行查征、询证后，客户给予的)正式备忘录 (7)(基督教的)按手礼；坚信礼 指受过洗礼的儿童在长大并掌握一定的教义后通过再次宣誓成为正式教徒。
Confirmatio C(h)artarum 〈拉〉〈英〉《恩准宪章》 爱德华一世〔Edward Ⅰ〕于1297年批准的法律，该法宣布《大宪章》〔Magna Charta〕将作为普通法而实施，任何与其相背的判决将被宣布无效，同时命令将《大宪章》副本发往各教区总教堂，每年向民众宣读两次，触犯《大宪章》者，无论情节轻重，都将被判令逐出教会。
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affirmative relief 肯定性救济 指被告以提出反请求〔counterclaim〕或交叉请求〔crossclaim〕的方式来维持一件独立于原告的起诉的诉讼而寻求的救济。即便后来原告放弃诉讼或者败诉，被告也可以通过其提起的反诉或交叉诉讼而获得救济。
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A bank’s confirmation based on the request of the beneficiary of the credit rather than the issuing bank. [Cases: Banks and Banking 191. C.J.S. Bills and Notes; Letters of Credit §§ 341–366, 368–370, 372–376.]
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