crimes against persons. A category of criminal offenses in which the perpetrator uses or threatens to use force. • Examples include murder, rape, aggravated assault, and robbery. — Also termed crimes against the person. Cf. offense against the person under OFFENSE(1).
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minutes. 1. Memoranda or notes of a transaction or proceeding. 2. Parliamentary law. The formal record of a deliberative assembly’s proceedings, approved (as corrected, if necessary) by the assembly. — Also termed journal; record; report. See DISPENSE WITH THE READING OF THE MINUTES; SPREAD UPON THE MINUTES . “The minutes of an organization include a
Property that passes by a QTIP trust from a deceased spouse to the surviving spouse and that (if the executor so elects) qualifies for the marital deduction provided that the spouse is entitled to receive all income in payments made at least annually for life and that no one has the power to appoint the
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analog. Patents. A different material, usu. a chemical or DNA sequence, that produces the same result as the specified material when used in a certain way. • To prevent others from free-riding on their innovations without technically infringing their exclusive rights, patent applicants often include analogs in their claims. — Also spelled analogue. — Also
ecclesiastical authorities. English law. The church’s hierarchy, answerable to the Crown but set apart from the rest of the citizens, responsible for superintending public worship and other religious ceremonies and for administering spiritual counsel and instruction. • In England, the several levels of the clergy are (1) archbishops and bishops, (2) deans and chapters, (3)
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recusatio judicis (reh-kyoo-zay-shee-oh joo-dish-is), n. [Latin] Eccles. law. The procedure and grounds by which a judge may be challenged and removed from hearing a case. • The grounds for disqualification traditionally include great friendship or enmity with a party, close kinship to a party, acceptance of a bribe, previously giving counsel to a party, or
A market where the items bought and sold are numerous and similar, where competitive bidding and bartering are not prevalent, and where prices paid in sales of comparable items are publicly quoted. • Examples of recognized markets include stock and commodities exchanges. Under the UCC, a secured creditor may, upon the debtor’s default, sell the
applied-art doctrine. Copyright. The rule that a pictorial, graphic, or sculptural work that has an inherent use apart from its appearance, and is also an expressive work apart from its utility, may qualify for copyright protection. • Examples have included bookends, lamps, and sundials. In contrast to applied art, industrial designs are not copyrightable, although
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cum pertinentiis (k[schwa]m p[schwa]r-t[schwa]-nen-shee-is). [Latin] With the appurtenances. • In a conveyance of land, the conveyance included not only everything belonging to the land, but also rights incident to it.
occupational disease. A disease that is contracted as a result of exposure to debilitating conditions or substances in the course of employment. • Employees who suffer from occupational diseases are eligible for workers’ compensation. Courts have construed the term to include a variety of ailments, including lung conditions (such as asbestosis or black lung), hearing
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