pia fraus (pI-[schwa] fraws). [Latin “pious fraud”] A subterfuge or evasion considered morally justifiable; esp., evasion or disregard of the law in the interests of a religious institution, such as the church’s circumventing the mortmain statutes.
homicidium (hom-[schwa]-sI-dee-[schwa]m), n. [Latin “felling of a person”] Homicide. homicidium ex casu (eks kay-s[y]oo). Homicide by accident. See ACCIDENTAL KILLING. homicidium ex justitia (eks j[schwa]s-tish-ee-[schwa]). Homicide in the administration of justice, or in the carrying out of a legal sentence. See justifiable homicide (2) under HOMICIDE. homicidium ex necessitate (eks n[schwa]-ses-i-tay-tee). Homicide from inevitable necessity,
homicide n. 杀人 指一人导致或促使他人死亡的一般用语。该词是中性词，只描述客观行为，而对其道德或法律性质并没有作出判断。杀人并不必然构成犯罪，在依法执行死刑、自卫以及作为追捕逃犯的唯一可能手段时，杀人则是合法的。但如果一人蓄意、明知、轻率或疏忽致使他人死亡的，该人则犯有杀人罪。英美普通法和制定法都把杀人罪分为谋杀〔murder〕和非预谋杀人〔manslaughter〕。在苏格兰，杀人分为有罪杀人〔culpable homicide〕、正当杀人〔justifiable homicide〕以及意外、疏忽或可宽恕杀人〔accidental, negligent, or excusable homicide〕。
accidental killing. Homicide resulting from a lawful act performed in a lawful manner under a reasonable belief that no harm could occur. — Also termed death by misadventure; homicide by misadventure; killing by misad-venture; homicide per infortunium. See justifiable homicide under HOMICIDE; involuntary manslaughter under MANSLAUGHTER. Cf. MALICIOUS KILLING. [Cases: Homicide 762.]
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A killing that is legally either excusable or justifiable. See excusable homicide; justifiable homicide.
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Unjustifiable neglect; neglect that implies more than unintentional inadvertence. • A finding of inexcusable neglect in, for example, failing to file an answer to a complaint will prevent the setting aside of a default judgment. [Cases: Federal Civil Procedure 2656; Judgment 362. C.J.S. Judgments § 320.]
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bellum justum (bel-[schwa]m j[schwa]s-t[schwa]m). [Latin] Int’l law. A just war; one that the proponent considers morally and legally justifiable, such as a war against an aggressive, totalitarian regime. • Under Roman law, before war could be declared, the fetiales (a group of priests who monitored international treaties) had to certify to the Senate that just
vexatious delay. An insurance company’s unjustifiable refusal to satisfy an insurance claim, esp. based on a mere suspicion but no hard facts that the claim is ill-founded. — Also termed vexatious refusal to pay; refusal to pay. [Cases: Insurance 3336. C.J.S. Insurance §§ 1163, 1342, 1576, 1578–1581.]
The unjustifiable retention of the possession of real property by one whose original entry was lawful, as when a tenant holds over after lease termination despite the landlord’s demand for possession. [Cases: Forcible Entry and Detainer 5.]