master n. (1)僱主(→master and servant) (2)硕士 尤指大学文学硕士〔Master of Arts〕。常冠于有名望者的姓名前以示尊敬。该词现已讹用为「先生〔mister〕」而加于头衔前，如议长先生、法官先生、总统先生等。 (3)教师 (4)船长 现通用「captain」一词。 (5)主事官 指对人或事有权威或控制权的人。中世纪用语，现已不再使用。 (6)学院院长 (7)法官助理 特别任命以协助法庭诉讼的辅助司法官员。法官助理负责调取证言、对证据披露争议以及其他审前事项作出裁定、计算利息、估价年金、调查土地所有权负担等类似事项，一般法官助理应作成书面报告提交法庭。
Master of the Court of Protection 〈英〉(最高法院)保护庭主事法官 由御前大臣〔Lord Chancellor〕任命，负责管理精神不健全者的财产。
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master plan. Land-use planning. A municipal plan for housing, industry, and recreation facilities, including their projected environmental impact. See PLANNED-UNIT DEVELOPMENT. [Cases: Zoning and Planning 30. C.J.S. Zoning and Land Planning §§ 2, 5, 12, 39.]
Master of Laws. A law degree conferred on those completing graduate-level legal study, beyond the J.D. or LL.B. — Abbr. LL.M. Cf. JURIS DOCTOR; LL.B; DOCTOR OF LAWS.
Masters of the Supreme Court 〈英〉最高法院主事法官 包括：１高等法院衡平分庭主事法官。他们取代了原衡平法院的首席书记官〔Chief Clerks〕与卷宗和令状书记官〔Clerks of Record and Writs〕。他们具有事务律师资格，可以行使法官室法官〔judge in chambers〕具有的权限(部分专属于法官的权限除外)；２高等法院王座庭主事法官，他们取代了原王座法庭、民诉法庭〔Common Pleas〕和财税法庭〔Exchequer〕的主事法官。他们具有出庭律师资格，在法官室中处理司法事务(对其裁决可上诉至法官)，就有关程序事项给予指示。其中一人为资深主事法官〔Senior Master〕，兼任王室财务纪事官〔Queen’s Remembrancer〕和判决登录官〔Registrar of Judgments〕，其余主事法官中有一人为王室验尸官〔Queen’s Coroner〕和刑事部主事法官〔Master of the Crown Office〕；３负责对王座庭和大法官庭中的所有案件核定收取诉讼费用的主事法官。
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master and servant. The relation between two persons, one of whom (the master) has authority over the other (the servant), with the power to direct the time, manner, and place of the services. • This relationship is similar to that of principal and agent, but that terminology applies to employments in which the employee has
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Master of the Rolls. The president of the Court of Appeal in England. • Formerly, the Master of the Rolls was an assistant judge to a court of chancery, responsible for keeping the rolls and chancery records. In recent times, the most famous Master of the Rolls was Lord Denning (who lived from 1899 to
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A master appointed to assist the court with a particular matter or case. [Cases: Federal Civil Procedure 1871–1908; Reference 1–34. C.J.S. References §§ 2–39.]
master’s report. A master’s formal report to a court, usu. containing a recommended decision in a case as well as findings of fact and conclusions of law. [Cases: Federal Civil Procedure 1896; Reference 83–97. C.J.S. References §§ 78, 81–90, 127.]
Master of the Rolls 〈英〉掌卷法官；上诉法院民事庭庭长该职位原先起源于督导抄写员抄写御前大臣卷宗的文秘署职员，在中世纪，这一职位又称卷宗主事〔Clerk or Curator of the Rolls〕，是文秘署事务官〔Master in Chancery〕的首领；并协助御前大臣工作。随着衡平法院司法管辖权的扩展，其事务官的司法职责增加，其中很大一部分就由卷宗主事担当，16世纪中期他有时也被称作副御前大臣〔vice-chancellor〕，并经特别授权可享有某些司法管辖权；17世纪早期他在御前大臣缺席的情况下可以听审某些案件，并成为御前大臣的常任代理。1729年，有法令规定卷宗主事发布的命令应有效，但对此不服可向御前大臣上诉，此后他就正式成为了衡平法院的法官。1833年，其司法管辖权有所扩展，经法令规定，衡平法院法官长年开庭，不服其命令在1851年前可向御前大臣、1851年后向衡平法院上诉庭上诉；他也可以并经常出席衡平法院上诉庭。1875年始，他一直担任上诉法院院长〔president of the Court of Appeal〕，1958年前他还全面负责保管公共档案，1958年后此职责转归御前大臣，但他仍在担负着英格兰衡平法庭的档案保管工作。他的另一项职责是接受某人为最高法院事务律师。
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