juvenile court 少年法庭 在英格兰，少年法庭是治安法院的一个特别法庭，最早由1908年的《少年法》〔Children Act〕予以规定。该法庭由负责少年案件的治安法官组成，负责审理对少年提起的指控，或决定对无人照管、受遗弃或虐待的儿童或少年给予最好的照料。少年法庭必须和成年人法庭分开，或在不同日期开庭，一般公众不允许进入旁听。该法庭还有权命令少年当事人的父母或监护人进行适当的控制〔control〕或发布监管、护理、治疗或监护令。在美国，少年法庭对违法犯罪的、不能独立生活的和无人照管的未成年人有特别管辖权。依正当程序的要求，在少年法庭进行的程序中也应保证当事人有获知其所受指控的权利，取得律师帮助的权利，与证人对质和进行交叉询问的权利，以及反对自证其罪的特权。
A federal court’s power to hear a case in which a person under the age of 18 violates federal law. • In such a case, the federal court derives its jurisdictional power from 18 USCA §§ 5031 et seq. The Act severely limits the scope of federal-juvenile-delinquency jurisdiction because Congress recognizes that juvenile delinquency is
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See nil dicit default judgment under DEFAULT JUDGMENT.
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de dote unde nil habet (dee doh-tee [schwa]n-dee nil hay-bet), n. [Law Latin “of dower whereof she has none”] A writ ordering a tenant interfering with a widow’s right to dower to provide a reasonable dower. — Also termed writ of dower. “DE DOTE UNDE NIL HABET. This is a writ of right in its
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A juvenile-court employee, sometimes a social worker or probation officer, who works with the judge to direct and develop the court’s child-welfare work. — Also termed county agent. [Cases: Courts 55; Infants 17. C.J.S. Courts §§ 107–109; Infants §§ 8–9.]
nil debet 〈拉〉一无所欠 非基于盖印合同〔specialty〕的债务诉讼〔action of debt〕中的一种概括否认答辩〔general issue〕。根据英国1852年《普通法诉讼程序法》〔Common Law Procedure Act〕，这一答辩方式被「从未欠债答辩」〔nunquam indebtitatus〕取代。而《最高法院规则》〔Rules of the Supreme Court〕最终取消了被告概括否认的答辩方式，规定被告必须针对原告的每项事实陈述——有关损害赔偿金的除外——表明否认态度，「从未欠债的答辩」随后也被废除。
Antisocial behavior by a minor; esp., behavior that would be criminally punishable if the actor were an adult, but instead is usu. punished by special laws pertaining only to minors. Cf. INCORRIGIBILITY. [Cases: Infants 153. C.J.S. Infants §§ 33–35, 41–42, 64, 67.]
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nil ligatum (nil li-gay-t[schwa]m). [Latin “nothing is bound”] No obligation has been incurred.
Juvenile Delinquency Prevention Act. A federal statute whose purpose is (1) to help states and local communities provide preventive services to youths who are in danger of becoming delinquent, (2) to help in training personnel employed in or preparing for employment in occupations that involve the provision of those services, and (3) to give technical
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dictum de Kenilworth (dik-t[schwa]m dee ken-[schwa]l-w[schwa]rth), n. [Law Latin “edict of Kenilworth”] Hist. A declaration of an agreement between Edward I and the barons who had opposed him under the leadership of Simon de Montfort. • The agreement, which concerned rent on the lands forfeited in the rebellion, was so called because it was made
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