symbiotic-relationship test. The standard by which a private person may be considered a state actor — and may be liable for violating someone’s constitutional rights — if the relationship between the private person and the government is so close that they can fairly be said to be acting jointly. • Private acts by a private […]
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leasehold improvements. Beneficial changes to leased property (such as a parking lot or driveway) made by or for the benefit of the lessee. • The phrase is used in a condemnation proceeding to determine the share of compensation to be allocated to the lessee.
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A fee simple defeasible that is subject to divestment in favor of someone other than the grantor if a specified event happens (e.g., “to Albert and his heirs, but if the property is ever used as a parking lot, then to Bob”). — Also termed fee simple subject to an executory interest. [Cases: Estates in
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meter. 1. A metric unit of length equal to 39.368 inches. 2. An instrument of measurement used to measure use or consumption, esp. used by a utility company to measure utility consumption (a gas meter) (a water meter) (a parking meter).
A minor breach of the law (such as a parking violation) that, although it carries a criminal punishment, is considered a civil offense rather than a criminal one because it is merely a prohibited act (malum prohibitum) and not inherently reprehensible conduct (malum in se). — Also termed civil offense. Cf. civil wrong under WRONG;
A bailment for which the bailee is compensated and from which the bailor receives some additional benefit, as when one leaves a car with a parking attendant who will also wash the car while it is parked.
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A court with jurisdiction over prosecutions for parking violations and infractions of road law.
A bailment for which the bailee is compensated, as when one leaves a car with a parking attendant. — Also termed lucrative bailment.
impunity (im-pyoo-n[schwa]-tee). An exemption or protection from punishment ( because she was a foreign diplomat, she was able to disregard the parking tickets with impunity). See IMMUNITY.
An offense for which the action alone is enough to warrant a conviction, with no need to prove a mental state. • For example, illegal parking is a strict-liability offense.
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