petition n. (1)申诉；申请 向法院或其他官方机构提交的正式书面文件，请求其行使职权以纠正不法行为或授予某种特权或许可或就特定事项采取司法措施等。如美国宪法第一条修正案和英国的《权利法案》〔Bill of Rights〕都确认公民有申诉的权利；债权人或债务人向破产法院提出的破产申请等。在英国，离婚或宣告婚姻无效的程序、破产程序、在上议院和枢密院进行的程序都是以申请开始的。此外，诉讼开始申请〔originating petition〕也是在高等法院衡平分庭提起诉讼的方式之一。 (2)〈美〉起诉状在部分州使用，相当于complaint。
petition for access. Patents. Application to inspect a patent application, made by someone who does not usu. have the authority to do so. • The petition must demonstrate a special need for access, and show that the applicant has been notified of the petition. The patent applicant is entitled to a hearing before access is
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repetition. Civil law. A demand or action for restitution or repayment. See SOLUTIO INDEBITI.
competition with mails 〈美〉邮政竞争罪 从事邮件的收取、运送和交递等邮政业务，与邮政部〔Post Office Department〕相竞争，损害邮政部对邮政业务的垄断〔monopoly〕行为而构成的犯罪。该罪是美国联邦法律规定的一种犯罪。
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A completely efficient market situation characterized by numerous buyers and sellers, a homogeneous product, perfect information for all parties, and complete freedom to move in and out of the market. • Perfect competition rarely if ever exists, but antitrust scholars often use the theory as a standard for measuring market performance.
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petition, n. 1. A formal written request presented to a court or other official body. certiorari petition. A petition seeking discretionary review from an appellate court. See CERTIORARI. debtor’s petition. See voluntary petition. involuntary petition. A petition filed in a bankruptcy court by a creditor seeking to declare a debtor bankrupt. • This type of
petition to make special. Patents. A petition asking the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office to expedite a patent prosecution. • Special processing is available, for example, in favored areas of science (such as cancer research and energy conservation), where the inventor is sick or elderly, and where infringement is already taking place. [Cases: Patents 104.
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Official Petitioner 〈英〉官方申请人 在作出刑事破产令〔criminal bankruptcy order〕的案件中，公诉局长〔Director of Public Prosecutions〕为官方申请人。
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right to petition. The constitutional right — guaranteed by the First Amendment — of the people to make formal requests to the government, as by lobbying or writing letters to public officials. — Also termed right of petition; freedom of petition. [Cases: Constitutional Law 91. C.J.S. Constitutional Law §§ 461–462, 466, 612–629.]
A petition filed with a bankruptcy court by a debtor seeking protection from creditors. — Also termed debtor’s petition. [Cases: Bankruptcy 2257. C.J.S. Bankruptcy § 51.]
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