Search Results for: RACE STATUTE

notice

notice n. (1)通知;告知 将某一事实通知某人即为使该人知情,故依据当时情势,无论其实际知道还是应当知道此事实,均得谓该人已得到通知。通知可以是实际通知〔actual notice〕、替代通知〔imputed notice〕或推定通知〔coustructive notice〕。实际通知或称明示通知〔express notice〕,是由某人以口头或书面方式向他人所作的传达;替代通知是由某人向他人的代理人进行通知,并假定该代理人将向被代理人告知,但该种假定可以被反驳;推定通知是指,如果某人在当时的合理情势下经由一般性查询即可知悉某一事实,则推定其已经知情。推定通知通常采用公共登记或其他公开方式,如政府公报。在英国财产法上曾存在一项衡平法上的通知原则〔equitable doctrine of notice〕,指当某人在被通知某一地产上存在一项在先的衡平法权利后,仍然购买该地产,则尽管其支付相应对价,亦构成恶意买主〔mala fide purchaser〕,无权通过买受普通法上地产权的方式对抗该衡平法权利。但1972年《土地负担法》〔Land Charges Act〕中的土地负担(例如抵押)登记制度与1925年《土地登记法》〔Land Registration Act〕中的土地所有权登记制度,已对上述原则有重大修改。在美国,各州的制定法有所不同,计有善意登记权利优先法〔notice-race statute〕、善意买主权利优先法〔notice statute〕、登记在先权利优先法〔race statute〕等三种。 (2)知悉;知情 指某人已获得通知的状况,无论其实际是否知道。就此而言,它与「明知」〔knowledge〕有所区别,明知即为某人实际意识到某一事实状况,而知悉仅指某人有理由意识到某一事实状况。 (3)认知(→judicial notice) (4)通知书;通知单 通知的书面形式。 (5)告示;公告;公示 v.通知;注意

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recording act

recording act (不动产)登记法 一种规定契据或其他财产权益登记条件以及在不同当事人对同一财产(通常为不动产)主张权益时确定何者优先的法律。亦作「recording statute」。(→notice statute; race statute; race-notice statute)

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recording act

recording act. A law that establishes the requirements for recording a deed or other property interest and the standards for determining priorities between persons claiming interests in the same property (usu. real property). • Recording acts — the three main types of which are the notice statute, the race statute, and the race-notice statute —

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civil rights act

civil-rights act. One of several federal statutes enacted after the Civil War (1861–1865) and, much later, during and after the civil-rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s, for the purpose of implementing and giving further force to the basic rights guaranteed by the Constitution, and esp. prohibiting discrimination in employment and education on the basis

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novelty

novelty. 1. Trade secrets. The newness of information that is generally unused or unknown and that gives its owner a competitive advantage in a business field. • In the law of trade secrets, novelty does not require independent conception or even originality. A rediscovered technique with marketable applications can qualify as a novelty and be

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hate crime

A crime motivated by the victim’s race, color, ethnicity, religion, or national origin. • Certain groups have lobbied to expand the definition by statute to include a crime motivated by the victim’s disability, gender, or sexual orientation. Cf. hate speech under SPEECH. [Cases: Civil Rights 1808; Sentencing and Punishment 753. C.J.S. Civil Rights § 222;

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instrument

instrument. 1. A written legal document that defines rights, duties, entitlements, or liabilities, such as a contract, will, promissory note, or share certificate. “An ‘instrument’ seems to embrace contracts, deeds, statutes, wills, Orders in Council, orders, warrants, schemes, letters patent, rules, regulations, bye-laws, whether in writing or in print, or partly in both; in fact,

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protected class

A class of people who benefit from protection by statute, such as Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which prohibits discrimination based on race, sex, national origin, or religion. [Cases: Civil Rights 1007, 1107, 1152, 1165. C.J.S. Civil Rights §§ 2–5, 7–9, 11–13, 18, 22, 26–27, 30–31, 33–37, 41–42, 44, 67, 88.]

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scintilla juris

scintilla juris (sin-til-[schwa] joor-is). [Law Latin “a spark of right”] Hist. A fragment of law or right. • This refers to a figurative expression in the law of uses providing a trace of seisin rights to remain in the feoffees sufficient to allow contingent uses to be executed under the Statute of Uses. It was

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condominium

condominium (kon-d[schwa]-min-ee-[schwa]m). 1. Ownership in common with others. 2. A single real-estate unit in a multi-unit development in which a person has both separate ownership of a unit and a common interest, along with the development’s other owners, in the common areas. Pl. (for sense 2) condominiums. Cf. COOPERATIVE(2). [Cases: Condominium 1. C.J.S. Estates §§

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