Evidence offered to disprove or contradict the evidence presented by an opposing party. • Rebuttal evidence is introduced in the rebutting party’s answering case; it is not adduced, e.g., through cross-examination during the case-in-chief of the party to be rebutted. — Also termed rebutting evidence. [Cases: Criminal Law 683; Federal Civil Procedure 2015; Trial 62. […]
rebuttal evidence 反证；相反证据 诉讼中一方提出的证据，用以说明、反驳、抵销、推翻另一方所提出的证据。也指用以否定对事实的推定的证据。(→rebuttable presumption)
rebuttal of presumption 否定推定(→rebuttable presumption)
rebuttal of presumption Read More »
irrebuttable presumption 不可反驳的推定(→conclusive presumption)
irrebuttable presumption Read More »
surrebutter n. 原告的第三次答辩 英格兰1873-1875年以前的普通法诉讼中原告对被告的第三次答辩〔rebutter〕中所述事实所作的答覆。也是诉答程序〔pleading〕中最后一个有独立名称的诉答。
prima facie case. 1. The establishment of a legally required rebuttable presumption. [Cases: Evidence 53, 85. C.J.S. Evidence §§ 2, 130–132, 134–135, 1341.] 2. A party’s production of enough evidence to allow the fact-trier to infer the fact at issue and rule in the party’s favor. [Cases: Evidence 584(1). C.J.S. Evidence §§ 226, 729, 1300–1305,
presumption n. 推定 在证据法上，推定是指从其他经司法认知或经证明或承认为真实的事实(一般称为基础事实〔basic facts〕)中推断出某一事实成立或为真实。在英美证据法中，推定一般可以分为三种：１决定性的或不可反驳的法律推定〔conclusive or irrebuttable presumption of law〕。它是由法律确立的绝对性的推论，不允许以证据加以反驳。如英国1933年的《儿童和青少年法》〔Children and Young Persons Act〕规定「10岁以下的儿童不能犯任何罪」，即是一条决定性的推定，且即使有最清楚的证据可以证明行为人有犯罪意图，也不能用来推翻该推定。对不可反驳的法律推定更恰当地应该称为法律规则或法律拟制〔fiction of law〕。２非决定性的或可反驳的法律推定〔inconclusive or rebuttable presumption of law〕。它是指按法律要求从已知事实中得出的推论，允许以相反的证据加以反驳，在被反证推翻之前，该推论成立，如无罪推定。３事实推定〔presumption of fact〕。它是指法官或者陪审团可以(而不是必须)从其他已经证实的事实中得出的推论。事实推定亦非决定性的，允许以反证加以反驳。某一事实推定效力的强弱要取决于具体情况以及有无不同解释。如根据在一段时间内持续占有的事实可以推定占有人对其占有的财产享有所有权，即是一项效力强的推定〔strong presumption〕；而根据某人与被谋杀的死者有金钱上的利益关系推定该人犯有谋杀罪，即是一项效力弱的推定〔slight presumption〕。
surrejoinder (s[schwa]r-ri-joyn-d[schwa]r).Common-law pleading. The plaintiff’s answer to the defendant’s rejoinder. See REPLICATION. [Cases: Pleading 184.] “Where the common-law system of pleading is in force, the pleadings do not terminate with the plaintiff’s replication. The defendant may interpose a rejoinder to the replication, and the plaintiff a surrejoinder to the defendant’s rejoinder. Then follows the rebutter,