arms, law of. 1. Rules concerning conditions of war, such as the treatment of prisoners. 2. The law relating to the right to bear arms. [Cases: Weapons 1. C.J.S. Weapons §§ 1–8, 61–62.] 3. The law relating to armorial bearings, i.e., coats of arms granted by the College of Heralds in England, Lord Lyon King […]
Olde Terms de la Ley 〈英〉《古代法律词汇》 拉斯泰尔〔Rastell〕编写的一部法律词典，1624年初版，后多次再版。
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sergeant-at-arms. 1. Hist. An armed officer attending a sovereign. 2. An officer the Crown assigns to attend a session of Parliament. 3. A legislative officer charged with maintaining order and serving notices and process on behalf of the legislative body and its committees. [Cases: States 32. C.J.S. States §§ 48–50.] 4. Parliamentary law. An officer
(1) forms of action (1) 诉讼程式；诉讼格式 普通法上的诉讼程式，与普通法所确认的责任理论相适应。若原告未恰当地分析诉因，选择合适的责任理论并选用正确的诉讼程式，则起诉将被驳回。原告必须在起诉前选定诉讼程式，不得在起诉后更改。按照不同的救济要求，诉讼可分为三大类：不动产诉讼〔real action〕,要求索回不动产；混合诉讼〔mixed action〕,要求索回不动产及赔偿对不动产的损害；对人诉讼〔personal action〕,要求追索债务或动产，或要求赔偿对人身、财产或合同权利的损害。普通法上的诉讼程式通常有11种：侵害之诉〔trespass〕、间接侵害之诉〔trespass on the case〕、动产侵占之诉〔trover〕、收回土地之诉〔ejectment〕、返还动产之诉〔detinue〕、动产占有回复之诉〔replevin〕、追索债务之诉〔debt〕、允诺契据之诉〔covenant〕、报账之诉〔account〕、特别简约之诉〔special assumpsit〕、普通简约之诉〔general assumpsit〕。诉讼程式在英国已为1873-1875年的《司法组织法》〔Judicature Acts〕所废除。美国联邦和绝大多数州均已废除普通法上的诉讼程式，只留下一种程式，即「民事诉讼」。
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force and arms 暴力和强力 普通法诉讼中关于非法入侵行为〔trespass〕的起诉状〔declaration〕或公诉书〔indictment〕中的必要用语，以说明被控行为系以暴力实施。现已不用。
force and arms. Hist. Violence. • The phrase was used in common-law pleading in declarations of trespass and in indictments to denote that the offending act was committed violently. See VI ET ARMIS.
Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives. A unit in the U.S. Department of Homeland Security responsible for enforcing laws relating to firearms and explosives and laws relating to the production, taxation, and distribution of alcohol and tobacco products. • Formerly called the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms and a part of the Department
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The conflict between the terms of standard forms exchanged between a buyer and a seller during contract negotiations. • In its original version, UCC § 2-207 attempted to resolve battles of the forms by abandoning the common-law requirement of mirror-image acceptance and providing that a definite expression of acceptance may create a contract for the
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terms good firms 善良商人条款 一种商业用语。例如，针对买方所提出的以「善良商人条款」为条件的购买商品要约而作出的承诺，即表示该商品的数量由可靠负责的商人在商品目的地验定，卖方无须接受由不可靠人所验定的数量。
attendant terms 〈英〉长期随行地产权 英格兰法中为保护抵押人及其继承人的权益而创设的一种定期地产权，其期限可能长达1 000年，具体做法是即使在清偿债务之后也不收回抵押的地产权，而是将它交给某一受托人为抵押人及其继承人的利益而持有。这种安排赋予作为受益人的抵押人的继承人另一种权利，假使他所继承的权益被证明存在瑕疵，也不会受到影响。需要指出的是，这种权利的创设不仅出现在抵押的情况下，在为偿债而筹集资金，为可通过扣押而执行的地租提供担保等情况下均可创设此类地产权。1845年的一项法令未将此适用于租地保有，1925年的《财产法》〔Law of Property Act of 1925〕则突破了这一限制，并最终通过将此类地产权融入回复地产权的做法而将之取消。