catchpoll (kach-pohl). Hist. A sheriff’s deputy or bailiff. — Also spelled catchpol; catchpole. “Catchpol … (One that catches by the Poll) Though now taken as a word of Contempt, yet in ancient times, it was used, without reproach, for such as we now call Sergeants of the Mace, Bailiffs, or any other that use to […]
police department 〈美〉警察局 市镇政府的一个职能部门，由警察局长〔chief of police〕、警察局巡官队长〔captains〕、副队长〔lieutenants〕、巡警官〔inspectors〕、巡佐〔sergeants〕、侦探〔detectives〕、巡警〔patrolmen〕、交警〔traffic officers〕以及其他属于广义上警察范围的官员组成，其职责在于维护社会治安，制止犯罪以及进行逮捕。
A legislative body’s order compelling each absent member’s attendance, usu. instructing that the sergeant-at-arms arrest and present each absentee.
lord mayor. 1. Hist. The chief officer of the corporation of the city of London, so called because the fourth charter of Edward III conferred on that officer the honor of having maces carried before him by the sergeants. 2. The title of the principal magistrate of a city, the office of which has been
mace. 1. Hist. A weapon used in warfare, consisting of a staff topped by a heavy head, usu. of metal. 2. A scepter; an ornamental form of weapon used as an emblem of the dignity of an office, as in Parliament and the U.S. House of Representatives. • In the House of Commons, it is
master chief petty officer 〈美〉(海军或海岸警卫队)一级军士长 未受军官衔的海军军官，相当于陆军高级军士长〔sergeant major of the army〕。
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An enlisted person in the Army, Air Force, or Marine Corps in certain pay grades above the lowest pay grade. • Examples are sergeants and corporals.
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serjeanty (sahr-j[schwa]n-tee). Hist. A feudal lay tenure requiring some form of personal service to the king. • The required service was not necessarily military. Many household officers of the Crown, even those as humble as bakers and cooks, held lands in serjeanty. — Also spelled sergeanty. — Also termed sergeantry. grand serjeanty. Hist. Serjeanty requiring
socage n. (英格兰古法)农役土地保有；既定役土地保有封建土地保有方式之一，以完成每年确定量的农务或交纳一定数量之金钱为条件，它区别于骑士役〔knight service〕土地保有之处在于后者的义务更荣耀体面〔honourable〕，但也更危险、繁重和不确定；区别于自由教役保有〔frankalmoign〕之处则在于它本身是世俗的和确定的，而后者是宗教性的和不确定的。对于农役土地保有，领主不能享有附属于骑士役土地保有上的诸如收取兵役免除税权、对佃户子女及财产的监督监护权、结婚批准权等封建保有附属权〔incident〕。农役土地保有义务的确定性在于这些义务在封赠时就已约定，不像农奴土地保有的义务那样随领主意志的变化而变化。这些义务常表现为效忠〔fealty〕加上定额租金，或是效忠臣服〔fealty-homage〕加上定额租金，或仅是效忠和臣服，或是效忠加上定量的农务等，后来便都转化成了货币地租。由于和骑士役保有及教役土地保有相对，socage一词后来泛指除军役、侍君役〔sergeanty〕、教役保有、农奴土地保有之外，一切义务固定的那些土地保有形式，这些义务可能是一年缴一朵花、一副马刺或是充当刽子手等。农役保有又分为自由农役保有〔free socage; common socage; frank socage; socage〕和贱微农役保有〔villein socage〕，二者以义务内容之性质为别。而肯特郡土地保有〔gavelkind〕和都市土地保有〔burgage tenure〕则是自由农役保有的特殊形式。1672年颁布的一项法律将公簿地产和教役土地保有之外的其它土地保有形式均合并为自由农役保有，而1925年后，农役保有则成为土地保有的唯一方式，所有的封建保有附属权也都被取消。