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corporate purposes

corporate purposes 公司目的;法人宗旨 指公司成立所希望达到的商业目标的一般范围。在英美各国历史上,以公司形式从事商业活动是一种特权,故政府规定成立公司必须有具体的目的。美国各州的制定法一般要求在商业公司的章程上明述公司的目的。但现在的通常做法是将公司目的表述为「任何合法目的」〔any lawful purposes〕,而非公司的具体商业行为种类,从而在实际上扩展了公司的经营范围。当然,与之相对的「非法目的」〔unlawful purposes〕则不仅指其本身违法或受到禁制的行为,而且还包括其他未经授权行使的权力、缔结合同或其他行为,亦即越权行为〔ultra vires〕。公司目的与公司权力〔corporate powers〕是「目的」与「手段」的关系,公司可以运用其权力以达到其成立之目的。就市政法人〔municipal corporations〕而言,尤其在涉及其征税权时,其「法人宗旨」在于提高公共繁荣与城市福利。

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illegality

illegality, n. 1. An act that is not authorized by law. 2. The state of not being legally authorized. “A contract made ultra vires is void; but not [strictly speaking] on the ground of illegality. Lord Cairns … takes exception to the use of the term ‘illegality,’ pointing out that it is not the object

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sponsion

sponsion (spon-sh[schwa]n), n. [fr. Latin spondere “to engage”] 1. The formal pledge by which a person becomes a surety. 2. Int’l law. An ultra vires promise of an official agent (such as a general in wartime), requiring later ratification by the principal. 3. Roman law. A form of guarantee accessory to an oral contract. •

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vis

vis (vis). [Latin “power”] 1. Any force, violence, or disturbance relating to a person or property. “Vis, as a legal term, was understood to denote the organizing and arming of tumultuous bodies of men for the purpose of obstructing the constituted authorities in the performance of their duty, and thus interrupting the ordinary administration of

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