day writ
day writ. English law. A Queen’s Bench writ allowing a prisoner to leave prison to conduct business (such as attending trial at the Court of Assizes), as long as the prisoner returns by 9 p.m. — Also termed day rule.
Search Results for: bench trial
feigned issue
feigned issue. Hist. A proceeding in which the parties, by consent, have an issue tried by a jury without actually bringing a formal action. • The proceeding was done when a court either lacked jurisdiction or was unwilling to decide the issue. — Also termed fictitious issue. “The chancellor’s decree is either interlocutory or final.
mansfield rule
Mansfield rule. The doctrine that a juror’s testimony or affidavit about juror misconduct may not be used to challenge the verdict. • The Mansfield rule is intended to ensure that jurors are heard through their verdict, not through their postverdict testimony. In practice, the rule lessens the possibility that losing parties will seek to penetrate
court of common pleas
Court of Common Pleas. 1. Hist. A superior court having jurisdiction of all real actions and common pleas (i.e., actions between subjects). • The Court was presided over by a chief justice with four (later five) puisne judges. In 1873 it became the Common Pleas Division of the High Court of Justice. In 1881 it
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sidebar conference
sidebar conference. 1. A discussion among the judge and counsel, usu. over an evidentiary objection, outside the jury’s hearing. — Also termed bench conference. [Cases: Trial 18, 50. C.J.S. Trial §§ 91–92, 176.] 2. A discussion, esp. during voir dire, between the judge and a juror or prospective juror. — Often shortened to sidebar.
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commission of assize
commission of assize. Hist. A royal authorization empowering a person to hold court and try cases arising while the justices in eyre held court elsewhere. Cf. EYRE. “[B]oth the presentment of crimes and the conduct of trials by assize or jury — which rapidly became a common feature of royal justice — required the presence
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praecipe
praecipe (pree-s[schwa]-pee orpres-[schwa]-pee), n. [Latin “command”] 1. At common law, a writ ordering a defendant to do some act or to explain why inaction is appropriate. — Also termed writ of praecipe. 2. A written motion or request seeking some court action, esp. a trial setting or an entry of judgment. — Also spelled precipe.
bar
bar n. (1)(法庭、议院等内的)围栏；栏杆 用来将法庭相关人员、议会议员与其他人分开。在法庭上，位于围栏里的一般是法官、法庭事务员、皇家大律师、持有优先特许状的出庭律师、相关当事人等，外席律师和普通人则处于围栏之外。在议院里，议员处于围栏之内，被召入院说明情况者和其他人处于栏外。当然，这种围栏，尤其是在法庭上，现在多是一些虚拟而并不实际存在的分隔物。 (2)法庭 此义源于该词作为「法庭围栏」的意思。在最严格的意义上，是指全体法官出席的法庭，因此「trial at bar」指在全体法官出席的法庭上进行的审判，区别于由一名法官主持的初审。「case at bar」是指处于审理之中的案件。 (3)被告人席；审判台 法庭上被告人受审时所站之地。故有prisoner at bar之说。 (4)〈英〉律师；律师业(界) 指全体律师，与全体法官、法官界〔bench〕相对应。在英国指为律师公会——包括英格兰四大律师公会和北爱尔兰、苏格兰的律师组织——所接受可以作为律师者的总称，但不包括诉状律师。在此意义上该词分两层：皇家大律师〔Queen’s Counsel〕和出庭律师〔barrister〕，在苏格兰，后者为高级律师〔advocates〕。 (5)〈美〉法律界；司法界；法曹 在美国，法律职业无明确划分，「bar」用作整个法律业界同义词。 (6)障碍；阻却因素；抗辩事由 诉讼中能够阻碍另一方权利行使的因素或答辩。 (7)酒吧；餐柜 v.反对；阻却；禁止；排除；妨碍
Inns of Court
Inns of Court 〈英〉出庭律师公会 泛指各自治性的、自愿组合的非法人的出庭律师社团。其历史悠久，据信至少可追溯至13世纪，但起源的确切年份不详。是集法律职业训练、同业纪律训诫与行业资格授予等功能于一体的行业公会式的组织。Inns of Court起初的含义是指各公会所在房屋的名字，出庭律师及学徒律师集中住在Inn里，过一种半集体的生活，他们各自所在的公会的名称便以经常活动的住所地命名，如现存的四个出庭律师公会中，林肯公会〔Lincoln’s lnn〕与格雷公会〔Gray’s lnn〕均以房主名字命名，中殿公会〔Middle Temple〕与内殿公会〔Inner Temple〕的房屋曾属于「圣殿骑士团」〔Knights Templar〕。这四个出庭律师公会中，内殿公会历史最为悠久、也最为着名，格雷公会则相比之下历史短一些。在各出庭律师公会中，其成员可分为三个等级：主管〔bencher或master of the bench〕、出庭律师、学徒。主管往往由法官或资深律师担任，他们在招收学徒以及授予出庭律师资格方面享有绝对的控制权，每个公会每年选举一位主管担任司库〔treasurer〕，并作为公会名义上的领导。对主管们的决定可申诉至御前大臣〔Lord Chancellor〕及高等法院的法官们那里，由其担任(公会)内部裁判所〔domestic tribunal〕的到访裁判人〔visitor〕来裁断。对于法律教育和训练，起初是通过诵讲〔readings〕、模拟审判〔moots或mock trial〕及辩论的方式来进行。但这种方式在17世纪即已式微。在1852年，各出庭律师公会〔lnns〕联合成立了法律教育理事会〔Council of Legal Education〕，负责为学徒提供指导并管理出庭律师资格考试〔Bar examination〕。在职业纪律训诫方面，各出庭律师公会对成员拥有单独的申斥甚至是开除(取消律师资格)的权力。1966年，各出庭律师公会各自通过一项得到高等法院法官们的裁定确认的决议，成立一个新的联合机构，叫做「出庭律师公会评议会」〔Senate of the lnns of Court〕。1974年，该评议会同各出庭律师公会以及代表全体出庭律师的出庭律师理事会〔Bar Council〕达成协议，组成一个新的机构，叫做「出庭律师公会与出庭律师理事会评议会」〔Senate of the lnns of Court and the Bar〕。评议会由90名成员组成，在其职权范围内，有权代表全体出庭律师作决定，其职能包括法律教育、律师职业纪律训诫、授予出庭律师资格。各出庭律师公会须遵照执行评议会的决定，法律教育理事会也受其指导。评议会还通过一个特别的职业道德纪律委员会行使职业纪律训诫权，但最终的处罚由各出庭律师公会执行。尽管如此，各出庭律师公会仍保留自治性机构地位，对其成员以及财政仍保持控制权。