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declaration of paris

Declaration of Paris. An international agreement, signed by Great Britain, France, Turkey, Sardinia, Austria, Prussia, and Russia in 1856 (at the end of the Crimean War), providing that (1) privateering is illegal, (2) with the exception of contraband, a neutral flag covers an enemy’s goods, (3) with the exception of contraband, neutral goods cannot be

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international dispute

international dispute 国际争端 国家或其它国际法主体之间关于法律上或事实上的论点不一致、法律上的见解或利益的矛盾对立,系国际关系的一种表现形式。在国际法理论上,国际争端依其性质被分为法律性质的争端和政治性质的争端:前者争端当事方的要求和论据是以国际法所承认的理由为根据,可通过法律方法予以解决,又称为可裁判的争端〔justiciable dispute〕;后者基于当事方政治利益的冲突而发生,不涉及或不直接涉及法律问题,不能或不宜通过法律方法解决,而需通过政治外交途径解决,又称为不可裁判的争端〔nonjusticiable dispute〕。但在实践中,由于导致国际争端的原因往往很复杂,对某一争端作上述严格的划分是困难的。因此,国际争端的解决方法也没有固定模式。传统国际法把国际争端的解决方法分为强制性和非强制性两类:前者主要包括反报〔retortion〕、报复〔reprisals〕、平时封锁〔pacific blockade〕、干涉〔intervention〕,乃至战争或非战争使用武力;后者又分为政治方法和法律方法,政治方法包括谈判、斡旋〔good office〕、调停〔mediation〕、和解〔conciliation〕及国际调查〔investigation〕,法律方法包括国际仲裁和司法解决。现代国际法确立了和平解决国际争端原则,禁止使用武力或武力威胁及其他非和平方法解决国际争端。

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Declaration of Paris

An international agreement, signed by Great Britain, France, Turkey, Sardinia, Austria, Prussia, and Russia in 1856 (at the end of the Crimean War), providing that (1) privateering is illegal, (2) with the exception of contraband, a neutral flag covers an enemy’s goods, (3) with the exception of contraband, neutral goods cannot be confiscated under a

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