Permanent admission of a lawyer who is in good standing in the bar of a different state without the need for a full bar examination. [Cases: Attorney and Client 10. C.J.S. Attorney and Client §§ 26–28.]
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closing argument. In a trial, a lawyer’s final statement to the judge or jury before deliberation begins, in which the lawyer requests the judge or jury to consider the evidence and to apply the law in his or her client’s favor. • After a jury trial, the judge ordinarily instructs the jury on the law
UPL.abbr. Unauthorized practice of law (the state bar’s UPL committee). See unauthorized practice of law under PRACTICE OF LAW. [Cases: Attorney and Client 11. C.J.S. Attorney and Client § 30.]
non sum informatus (non s[schwa]m in-f[schwa]r-may-t[schwa]s), n. [Latin “I am not informed”] Hist. A type of default judgment based on a defense attorney’s statement that the client gave no instructions to answer the lawsuit.
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communication. 1. The expression or exchange of information by speech, writing, gestures, or conduct; the process of bringing an idea to another’s perception. 2. The information so expressed or exchanged. conditionally privileged communication. A defamatory statement made in good faith by a person with an interest in a subject to someone who also has an
Model Rules of Professional Conduct. A set of ethical guidelines for lawyers, organized in the form of 52 rules — some mandatory, some discretionary — together with explanatory comments. • Published by the ABA in 1983, these rules have generally replaced the Model Code of Professional Responsibility and have been adopted as law by many
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control-group test. A method of determining whether the attorney–client privilege protects communications made by corporate employees, by providing that those communications are protected only if made by an employee who is a member of the group with authority to direct the corporation’s actions as a result of that communication. • The U.S. Supreme Court rejected
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grievance, n. 1. An injury, injustice, or wrong that gives ground for a complaint (a petition for a redress of grievances). 2. The complaint itself ( the client filed a grievance with the state-bar committee). 3. Labor law. A complaint that is filed by an employee or the employee’s union representative and that usu. concerns
audit response. A letter that an attorney provides to a client’s financial auditors, usu. at the client’s request, re-garding matters such as pending or threatened litigation. • Audit responses should comply with the American Bar Association’s Statement of Policy Regarding Lawyer’s Responses to Auditors’ Requests for Information, published in December 1975. — Also termed audit-letter
A written test that a person must pass before being licensed to practice law. • The exam varies from state to state. — Often shortened to bar. [Cases: Attorney and Client 6. C.J.S. Attorney and Client § 18.]