Search Results for: plea to the writ

Queen’s Bench

Queen’s Bench 〈英〉王座法庭 1875年司法改革之前英格兰的三个普通法中央法庭之一,另两个是民诉法庭〔Court of Common Pleas; Common Bench〕和财税法庭〔Court of Exchequer〕,它们都是依据不同分工从早期的御前会议〔Curia Regis〕中分离出来的。之所以称之为王座法庭,一方面是因为它是以国王的名义来记录和保存档案的,另一方面因为以前国王时常亲自在此坐堂问案。作为以前国王御前会议的一部分,依据其性质和组成,它不可能固定于一地,而是随国王四处巡游,待到几个世纪之后,皇家法院正式建成,它才固定在威斯敏斯特,但仍可依国王意志移动。与另两个普通法中央法庭相比,无论在权力还是地位方面,王座法庭都更高一筹,其首席法官被称为英格兰皇家首席大法官〔Lord Chief Justice of England〕,位居其他普通法法官之先;以前它还可以受理来自民诉法庭和财税法庭的上诉案件;另外它还能通过具有特权性质的职务执行令〔writ of mandamus〕——该权力另两个普通法中央法庭也享有,禁令〔prohibition〕和调卷令〔certiorari〕对下级法庭、治安法官〔magistrate〕及公共法人〔civil corporation〕以及对权利开示令〔quo warranto〕和人身保护令〔habeas corpus〕的申请等程序享有特别管辖权。王座法庭的职能分民事〔plea side〕和王事〔Crown side〕两方面,其民事司法管辖权起初只限于当事人为国王的直属封臣〔tenant in chief〕或王室人员的案件,后来通过米德尔塞克斯令〔Bill of Middlesex〕获得了除不动产权益诉讼〔real actions〕和涉及财税的案件之外的一切对人之诉〔personal action〕的管辖权,1832年的一项法令则正式授予了它对这些案件的管辖权,对这些案件的上诉管辖权归财政署内室法庭〔Court of Exchequer Chamber〕。王事方面的管辖权包括上面谈到的上诉和特别管辖权,还包括刑事管辖权。在普通法方面,王座法庭是主要的刑事法庭,对刑事案件可以有初审管辖权,下级法庭的刑事案件在一定条件下可通过调卷令移至王座法庭。1873-1875年的司法改革将王座法庭的司法管辖权移给了高等法院〔High Court〕,它原来的英格兰皇家首席大法官和其他五位常任法官组成了高等法院王座分庭,受理原属它管辖的案件。1881年,高等法院的民诉分庭、财税分庭并入王座分庭,组成了新的王座分庭。 (→Court of Common Pleas; Court of Exchequer; Lord Chief Justice of England)

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abatement

abatement ([schwa]-bayt-m[schwa]nt), n. 1. The act of eliminating or nullifying (abatement of a nuis-ance) (abatement of a writ). [C.J.S. Nuisances §§ 86–89.] 2. The suspension or defeat of a pending action for a reason unrelated to the merits of the claim (the defendant sought abatement of the suit because of misnomer). See plea in abatement

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ore tenus

ore tenus (or-ee tee-n[schwa]s orten-[schwa]s), adv. & adj.[Latin “by word of mouth”] 1. Orally; by word of mouth; VIVA VOCE (pleading carried on ore tenus). “Pleadings are the mutual altercations between the plaintiff and defendant; which at present are set down and delivered into the proper office in writing, though formerly they were usually put

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liege poustie

liege poustie (leej pow-stee). [Law French “liege power” fr. Latin legitima potestas “lawful power”] Scots law. The lawful power of one in good health, as a result of which the person might dispose of heritable property. • The phrase often appeared attributively, as in liege poustie conveyance. Cf. LEGITIMA POTESTAS. “LIEGE POUSTIE; is that state

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essoin

essoin (e-soyn), n. [fr. Old French essoi(g)ne “excuse”] Hist. 1. An excuse for not appearing in court on an appointed day in obedience to a summons. 2. The offering or presentation of such an excuse. — Also spelled essoign. “The first return-day of every term, properly speaking, is the first day of that term; and

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non implacitando aliquem de libero tenemento sine brevi

non implacitando aliquem de libero tenemento sine brevi (non im-plas-[schwa]-tan-doh al-[schwa]-kwem dee lib-[schwa]r-oh ten-[schwa]-men-toh sI-nee bree-vI) [Latin “not impleading anyone of his free tenement without a breve”] Hist. A writ that prohibited bailiffs or others without a writ from the king from distraining anyone from touching their freehold estates.

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year books

Year Books. Hist. Books of cases anonymously and fairly regularly reported covering primarily the period from the reign of Edward I to the time of Henry VIII. • The title “Year Books” derives from their being grouped under the regnal years of the sovereigns in whose reigns the reported cases were cited. The reports were

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form of action

form of action. The common-law legal and procedural device associated with a particular writ, each of which had specific forms of process, pleading, trial, and judgment. • The 11 common-law forms of action were trespass, trespass on the case, trover, ejectment, detinue, replevin, debt, covenant, account, special assumpsit, and general assumpsit. [Cases: Action 29; Federal

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