open-source software. Software that is usu. not sold for profit, includes both human-readable source code and machine-readable object code, and allows users to freely copy, modify, or distribute the software. • Even though open-source software is made widely available for free, it may be protected by federal trademark law. See Planetary Motion, Inc. v. Techsplosion, […]
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International law that derives from the practice of states and is accepted by them as legally binding. • This is one of the principal sources or building blocks of the international legal system.
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independent-source rule. Criminal procedure. The rule providing — as an exception to the fruit-of-the-poisonous-tree doctrine — that evidence obtained by illegal means may nonetheless be admissible if that evidence is also obtained by legal means unrelated to the original illegal conduct. See FRUIT-OF-THE-POISONOUS-TREE DOCTRINE. Cf. INEVITABLE-DISCOVERY RULE. [Cases: Criminal Law 394.1(3). C.J.S. Criminal Law §§
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original source. The person or persons who first disclosed fraud to the government, derived from direct and indirect information on which a qui tam complaint is based under the False Claims Act or a similar state law.
autonomic law (aw-t[schwa]-nom-ik). The type of enacted law that has its source in various forms of sub-ordinate and restricted legislative authority possessed by private persons and bodies of persons. • Examples are corporate bylaws, university regulations, and the rules of the International Monetary Fund.
single-source requirement. Under the common-law tort of false advertising, the necessity to show that the plaintiff is the only supplier of the genuine goods in question and that buyers would have bought the plaintiff’s goods if the true nature of the defendant’s goods had been known. Ely–Norris Safe Co. v. Mosler Safe Co., 7 F.2d
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lawgiver. 1. A legislator, esp. one who promulgates an entire code of laws. 2. A judge with the power to interpret law. — lawgiving, adj. & n. “John Chipman Gray in his The Nature and Sources of the Law (1921) repeats a number of times a quotation from Bishop Hoadley [1676–1761]: ‘Whoever hath an absolute
source code. Copyright. The nonmachine language used by a computer programmer to create a program. • If it is not included with the software sold to the public, source code is protected by trade-secret laws as well as copyright and patent laws. Source code may be deposited with the U.S. Copyright Office, but because of
Citations, Law of. Roman law. An A.D. 426 decree of Emperor Valentinian III listing Papinian, Paul, Gaius, Ulpian, and Modestinus as juristic writers who could be cited authoritatively in court. • If a majority of the writers agreed on an issue, the judge was bound to follow the majority view. The Law of Citations allowed