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international bureau for the protection of intellectual property

glossary /

International Bureau for the Protection of Intellectual Property. Copyright. A predecessor of the World Intellectual Property Organization. • The bureau was created by combining the Paris Convention’s Secretariat (the International Bureau for the Paris Convention) with the Berne Copyright Convention of 1886. It was supervised by the Swiss government until 1970, when the bureau became […]

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child labor

glossary /

child labor. The employment of workers under the age of majority. • This term typically focuses on abusive practices such as exploitative factory work; slavery, sale, and trafficking in children; forced or compulsory labor such as debt bondage and serfdom; and the use of children in prostitution, pornography, drug-trafficking, or anything else that might jeopardize

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innocent infringement

glossary /

The act of violating an intellectual-property right without knowledge or awareness that the act constitutes infringement. • An innocent infringer may, in limited circumstances, escape liability for some or all of the damages. In the copyright context, damages may be limited if (1) the infringer was misled by the lack of a copyright notice on

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apostille

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apostille ([schwa]-pos-til). [French “postscript, footnote”] Int’l law. A marginal note or observation; esp., a standard certification provided under the Hague Convention for authenticating documents used in foreign countries. — Also spelled apostil. See CERTIFICATE OF AUTHORITY(1).

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hallmote

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hallmote (hahl-moht), n. 1. Hist. A court baron; specif., an annual court, presided over by the lord of the manor, to decide civil disputes between feudal tenants. • The court was usu. held in the manor’s great hall. See COURT BARON. 2. A trade-guild’s commercial court, in which guild members were tried for trade-related offenses

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genocide

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genocide n. 种族灭绝(罪) 有计划、有预谋地企图灭绝一个种族或种族群体的大规模屠杀，如第二次世界大战期间纳粹对犹太人的杀戮。1948年联合国大会通过《防止及惩治种族灭绝罪公约》〔Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide〕，确认种族灭绝行为无论在战时或平时都是一种国际罪行，以及与执行种族灭绝政策有关的国家责任和个人责任。公约于1951年生效。

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wipo copyright treaty

glossary /

WIPO Copyright Treaty. A 1996 treaty that made changes in the Berne Convention in light of the TRIPs Agreement and dealt with new copyright issues raised by the emergence of the Internet and other digital tech-nology. • The WIPO Treaty expressly protects computer software and databases and expressly excludes from protection “ideas, procedures, methods of

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