An indorsement that does not limit the indorser’s liability on the paper. • It does not, for example, include the phrase “without recourse.” [Cases: Bills and Notes 281, 287, 293. C.J.S. Bills and Notes; Letters of Credit §§ 147, 160.]
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collective bargaining. Negotiations between an employer and the representatives of organized employees to determine the conditions of employment, such as wages, hours, discipline, and fringe benefits. See CONCESSION BARGAINING. [Cases: Labor Relations 171. C.J.S. Labor Relations § 148.] “Collective bargaining means the joint determination by employees and employers of the problems of the em-ployment relationship.
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ex officio (eks [schwa]-fish-ee-oh), adv. & adj.[Latin] By virtue or because of an office; by virtue of the authority implied by office. • The term is often misused as a synonym for “nonvoting.” Some meetings mistakenly label their regularly invited guests as “ex officio members” when in fact they are not members at all; others
Keeling Schedule. English law. A device that shows how an existing statute will read if a proposed amendment is adopted. • A Keeling Schedule is usu. included as an appendix to the proposed amendment. The schedule is named for E.H. Keeling, a member of Parliament who began promoting the use of schedules in 1938 as
appendix, n. 1. A supplementary document attached to the end of a writing (the brief includes an appendix of exhibits). • For the requirements of an appendix to a federal appellate brief, see Fed. R. App. P. 30. 2. English law. A volume that contains material documents and other evidence presented in a lower court.
governmental unit. A subdivision, agency, department, county, parish, municipality, or other unit of the gov-ernment of a country or a state. • The term includes an organization with a separate corporate existence only if the organization can legally issue debt obligations on which interest is exempt from income taxation under national law. UCC § 9-102(a)(45).
A bill of lading containing no clause or notation qualifying the bill’s terms. • Possible clauses or notations could include a provision for deck storage or a recording of cargo damage. Cf. unclean bill of lading. [Cases: Carriers 52(2). C.J.S. Carriers § 438.]
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A state-imposed restriction on the content of speech, esp. when the speech concerns something of slight social value and is vastly outweighed by the public interest in morality and order. • Types of speech subject to content-based discrimination include obscenity, fighting words, and defamation. R.A.V. v. City of St. Paul, 505 U.S. 377, 383–84, 112
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inventory, n. 1. A detailed list of assets; esp., an executor’s or administrator’s detailed list of the probate-estate assets (make an inventory of the estate). • The term also sometimes denotes a divorcing spouse’s detailed list of all his or her marital and separate assets and liabilities. — Also termed inventory and appraisement. See PROBATE
encumbrance, n. A claim or liability that is attached to property or some other right and that may lessen its value, such as a lien or mortgage; any property right that is not an ownership interest. • An encumbrance cannot defeat the transfer of possession, but it remains after the property or right is transferred.