loadsman. Hist. 1. A person who directs a ship’s course from a small boat traveling in front of the larger ship rather than from the ship itself. • The loadsmen had a monopoly on piloting in the cinque ports. See CINQUE PORTS. 2. A person who took the ship to a berth after a pilot […]
compassing (k[schwa]m-p[schwa]-sing). Hist. The act of contriving or plotting, esp. of something un-derhanded. • The Treason Act of 1351 criminalized the act of compassing the sovereign’s death. — Also termed imagining.
steady course. Maritime law. A ship’s path that can be readily ascertained either because the ship is on a straight heading or because the ship’s future positions are easy to plot based on the ship’s current position and movements. [Cases: Collision 35–38. C.J.S. Collision §§ 4, 40–48.]
bank night. A lottery in which a prize is awarded to a person (often a theater patron) whose name is drawn randomly from a hopper. [Cases: Lotteries 3. C.J.S. Lotteries §§ 2–7, 11.]
litura (li-t[y]oor-[schwa]), n. [Latin] Roman law. A blot or erasure in a will or other instrument.
several, adj. 1. (Of a person, place, or thing) more than one or two but not a lot (several witnesses). [Cases: Negligence 484; Torts 22. C.J.S. Negligence §§ 154–156; Torts§§ 39–44.] 2. (Of liability, etc.) separate; particular; distinct, but not necessarily independent (a several obligation). 3. (Of things, etc.) different; various (several settlement options).
common design. 1. The intention by two or more people to join in committing an unlawful act. [Cases: Criminal Law 59(4). C.J.S. Criminal Law § 134.] 2. An intention to commit more than one crime. 3. The general design or layout of plots of land surrounding a particular tract. — Also termed common scheme; common
truck. Hist. Scots law. The payment of wages in scrip or goods. • Truck systems, once common where workers had to live in isolated areas and depended on company stores for food and clothing, were abolished in the 19th century. “Truck was payment not in money but in goods or tickets which could be exchanged
parishioner n. 教民 指居住在堂区〔parish〕中的居民，在许多方面他们形成一个政治团体〔body politic〕。宗教改革之前教民仅指一种宗教身份，宗教改革后则具有了民事含义。在普通法中教民支付教役税〔scot and lot〕，组建堂区委员会〔vestry〕。
aldermannus (al-d[schwa]r-man-[schwa]s). [Law Latin] Hist. An alderman. aldermannus civitatis vel burgi (siv-i-tay-tis vel b[schwa]r-jI). An alderman of a city or borough. aldermannus hundredi seu wapentachii (h[schwa]n-dri-dIsyoo wahp-[schwa]n-tay-kee-I). An alderman of a hundred or wapentake. aldermannus regis (ree-jis). An alderman of the king, so called because he is appointed by the king or gives the king’s