exemption. 1. Freedom from a duty, liability, or other requirement; an exception. See IMMUNITY; EXCEPTION(2). 2. A privilege given to a judgment debtor by law, allowing the debtor to retain certain property without liability. [Cases: Exemptions 1; Homestead 1.] 3. Tax. An amount allowed as a deduction from adjusted gross income, used to determine taxable […]
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act. A 1996 federal law that provides additional health-insurance protections to employees by limiting the effect of preexisting conditions on an employee’s ability to obtain insurance; permitting an employee to enroll a new dependent acquired by birth, adoption, or marriage; making it easier for people to maintain insurance coverage while
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A financial statement examined and reported by an independent public or certified public accountant. SEC Rule 12b-2 (17 CFR § 240.12b-2).
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A statutory lien asserted by an HMO, insurer, medical group, or independent practice association against those liable to the patient for damages, to recover money paid or claim money payable for healthcare services provided under a healthcare service plan or a disability insurance policy. — Also termed medical lien. Cf. hospital lien; workers’-compensation lien.
United States Institute of Peace. An independent federal institution created to develop and disseminate knowledge about international peace and conflict resolution. • The Institute was established in 1984.
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A treaty relating solely to the subject matter of the compact, independently of the persons of the contracting sovereigns. • Real treaties continue to bind the state even when the heads of government change.
customs union. Int’l law. A combination of two or more countries within a single customs area with a common external tariff, though each participating country remains politically independent. • The effect is that tariffs originally levied on the traffic of goods between those countries are abolished or else successively dismantled according to an agreed-upon scheme,
Probate designed to operate with minimal input and supervision of the probate court. • Most modern probate codes encourage this type of administration, with an independent personal representative. — Also termed independent probate. Cf. independent executor under EXECUTOR. [Cases: Executors and Administrators 3(1). C.J.S. Executors and Administrators §§ 7, 9–10.]
National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities. An independent federal foundation that encourages and supports progress in the humanities and the arts by supporting the National Endowment for the Arts, the National Endowment for the Humanities, and the Institute of Museum and Library Services. • The agency was created by act of Congress in
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provisional revocation (遗嘱)暂时撤销 即遗嘱的附条件的相对撤销〔dependent relative revocation〕。
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